The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits

Milton Friedman, The Social function of Business is to Increase winnings In the article, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits, Friedman states that businessmen look at that they are defending free enterprise when they proclaim that business is not concerned merely with arrive at merely also with promoting desirable complaisant ends. This friendly responsibility is defined as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is the belief that mints owe a greater duty to their communities and stakeholders by having a social conscience. This, among other things, includes creation environmentally obligated, contri excepting to non- gather organizations, and eliminating discrimination. Friedman argues that only peck bum have responsibilities but that businesses as a whole cannot, as they are not persons. Since the corporate executive is an employee of the shareholders, and therefore only responsible to his employers. The corporate executive has primary responsibility to his employers to conduct business as they see fit, and manage the business to create the most profit piece of music following the basic rules of the fellowship.It is then seen that the corporate executive is makeing as a public employee, while serving shareholders and should be say by those shareholders how to spend their m wizardy. However, Friedman recognizes that managers of corporations, while serving shareholders, are also people in their own right and may have their own social responsibilities that do not always follow those of the owners of the corporation. In that case, if the manager chooses to act based on his own beliefs instead of the direction of the shareholders, he is not performing in the best interests of the shareholders and is spending the customers money. This has a direct financial impact to both customer and employees. This can lead to the managers termination as he has not performed as directed by the shareholders by not making as much money as possible. It is also discussed that because society is a collection of individuals, there are individuals that can coerce others to conform to certain social norms and while others may not agree, they can be overruled and then must conform. This then leads to a political mechanism which can regulate how corporations operate and dictate their social responsibility, which, in theory, would extend the parcel out of the political mechanism. Friedman believes that a political mechanism is not necessary to light upon social responsibility because in a free society, there is one and only one social responsibility of businessto use its resources and direct in activities designed to increase its kale so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engage in open and free aspiration without deception or fraud. One question that can be make up from Friedmans article is whether shareholders should prioritize the responsibilities that managers have as their a gents. eon we can acknowledge that shareholders invest in a corporation to make a profit and that managers are hired to maximize those moolah, it is the responsibility of the shareholders to provide guidelines to those managers and prioritize his/her responsibilities. While we can assume that the first priority of the shareholders would be to maximize profits for the corporation, subsequent priorities could fall within the guidelines of community outreach, exceeding legal obligations or being environmentally sensitive.If we presume that corporations elect to be socially responsible, we should postulate shareholders to provide policies and procedures to their managers. Without these, what responsibility does the manager have outside of maximize profits? As Friedman suggests, the manager could be compelled to act on his own beliefs and righteous obligations to his community, church or charitable organization. But, since these would be at his discretion, what check and balances wou ld he have with the shareholders? Would he be using money otherwise returned affirm to the shareholders and supporting organizations that are opposed by the shareholders?Because corporations are established to profit and shareholders invest money with expectations of a greater return, managers cannot be given a directive to be socially responsible without providing specific criteria of checks and balances to which needs to adhere. Therefore, it is coercive to the success of a corporation for managers to not act solely but quite to act within the policies of the shareholders. What Friedman implies is that shareholders should only be concerned with maximizing profits and not be obligated to be socially responsible. In that case, the manager would only have one priority, to maximize profits. However, what if that manager decided that social endeavors is the best option to maximize profits? This would make the corporation socially responsible while still maintaining maximum profits. The argument presented by Friedman in this case is that while the manager is performing as anticipate by maximizing profits, this type of social responsibility is frequently a cloak for actions that are justified on other grounds rather than a reason for those actions. This cloak refers to corporations acting socially responsible but for the sole purpose of making profits rather than performing much(prenominal) endeavors for the sole purpose of benefiting society. An example would be a solar confederation providing free electricity to a campus in exchange for use wreak to promote their environmentally aware product. However, what they dont tell you is that the electricity is being sold back to the power company for a profit. The wisdom is that the company has a social conscience when in reality it is being done for profits.While I agree with Friedmans assessment that managers, as employees of shareholders, are responsible for maximizing profits, I disagree that corporations s hould only comply with political policies and should not adopt policies to be socially responsible. At the time Friedman wrote this article, western sandwich democracies and communist countries of Europe were in the middle of the Cold War and the musical theme of a global economy was not as prevalent in society as it is today.Consumers in those countries leaned towards purchase locally over buying foreign products. Since the end of the Cold War, consumers have changed purchased habits to buy products from companies, regardless of their untaught of origin if it were the best product. However, this led to the matter of public opinion towards corporations vie a larger role in how well they integrate themselves into a community or help preserve the environment is a ingredient in how consumers choose to purchase products.For instance, if a company is considered green, it is determined to the environmentally friendly. This would lead consumers who support environmental protection t o lead towards purchasing products from that company. Therefore, I believe that corporations take into account public opinion when deciding on whether to enact social responsible measures and that these measures are above and beyond the negligible requirements established by governing agencies.I am also convinced that shareholders, more today than ever, budget funds to contribute to socially acceptable contributions and directional managers how to spend these. It is my opinion that due to public opinion and a global influence on corporations, that a successful free market cannot be judged solely by the financial gain of a corporation, but in conjunction with how these corporations influence positive changes in society.

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Essay

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary take aim.c rs om1123/11ENGLISH LANGUAGE Paper 1 Writing wreakitive Materials* 4 0 7 9 5 7 8 4 2 9 *October/November 2011 1 hour 30 transactions Answer Booklet/PaperREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you nonplus been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front look at of the Booklet. relieve your Centre number, candidate number and name on every(prenominal) the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer both component class One and parting Two. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.DC (CW) 33870/3 UCLES 2011Turn over2 Section 1 Directed Writing You ar cognizant to spell out amongst 200 and 300 words. Total marks for this part 30.Task deep you witnessed a major disturbance at a railway site when many people were injured. You are asked by the local police to write an account of what you saw. Write your account. You must include the following when and where the incident happened and how boney you were to the scene the cause of the disturbance and what exactly happened some of the ways in which people tried to help. Cover all three points above in detail. You should kick in your account informative and helpful for the police to show you are a reliable witness. Start your account To the Police and remember to add your signature and the date. UCLES 20111123/11/O/N/113 Section 2 Creative Writing Begin your answer on a fresh page. Write on one of the following topics. At the brainpower of your essay put the number of the topic you have chosen. You are advised to write between 350 and 500 words. Total marks for this part 30.1Describe a time when you prefer to be alone and a time when you like to be part of a crowd. (Remember that you are describing the halo and your feelings, not telling a story.)2What are the advantages and disadvantages of attending any a small school with few students or a gravid school with many students?3Write a story which includes the meter As we entered the building, the other people smiled as if they knew something we did not.4Bullies.5Write a story about someone who returned to a village or town after a long time away. (You should include generous details of why the person went away to show that it is an important part of your story.) UCLES 20111123/11/O/N/114 BLANK scallywagPermission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by procure is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been make by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring headway have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of t he Cambridge estimate Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a segment of the University of Cambridge. UCLES 20111123/11/O/N/11

Individuality in 20th Century Art Essay

20th Century subterfuge has spawned swell blind forms. Its evident transformation had triggered the question of whether or not the development was caused by the pure wizard of the operative or by the preceding art that he was born into. This essay will discuss how the artists of the 20th hundred turn over make art almost indefinable (Nicolas Pioch, The 20th century) by looking into the quotes of Immanuel Kant (1790) and Andre Malraux (1953), as well as looking at more or less actual works before and after 1950 which would illustrate that art has all the way become an expression of an artists emotions and thoughts as h unityd by the past.As mortality steps in, we will closely look at how an individuals person is real affected by his experiences and orientation on various aspects of his existence such as how he could have been raised, how he may have been exposed to previous artworks and the like. Immanuel Kant, in his quote from the brushup of Judgment (1790) had clearly de fined genius as, a talent for producing that for which no definite rule hobo be given.I study that this is like how scientists be referred to as geniuses, they have defied popular beliefs or what had actually become a norm for their time or era. They would produce materials that are not usual for the majority. Similar to this, I believe that such was in any case the case as he may have found that an artwork, which turn out to be unique for its genre, is already a product of a genius. A good example of what was said to be a work of a genius was that of Vincent Van Goghs Starry Night and Donatellos Crucifix (images sh knowledge in the Documentation).These were considered unique and were painted outside the what was considered as measuring rod during their time or era, as these works had clearly defied the usual intellection of what our usual picture of the heavens is (Starry Night) as well as the uncouth picture of how Christ was crucified. Texture of these creations also scre am of individuality as was the case with Van Goghs work. As was said by I. Kant, originality must be its primary property for an art to be considered as the work of a genius.It is clear he meant that it was something that was not usually do but did not deduce it to not being influenced at all by artworks that came before them. Instead the focus was on how they have made their creations different from the other(a)s without necessarily straying from the aforesaid(prenominal) idea or thought. same(p) in Van Goghs work, there had already been house paintings depict the heavens at night but its form and texture as well as the colors utilized were clearly out of the fair and had been very original despite the presence of previous artworks that had been made.On the other hand, Andre Malrauxs, The Voices of Silence (1953) compared artwork to a child that matures. Meaning that art basically evolves. It does not necessarily veer away from its contemporaries but is created from what he may have experienced. Like a child that may have learned to walk more carefully after acquiring a scratch from a fall, an artist was also said to rise from their own conflicts and the achievements of their predecessors.A person that may have lived within a destroyed era may create an artwork that depicts what he had witnessed, at the same time filling out best practices from works that were previously through by others and using them as inspiration to put his experience or what he had witnessed into a work of art. As such, A. Malraux was right about picking them out from their struggle with the forms that others have imposed on life. We commemorate though, that experiences do not necessarily remain within the context of a persons personal struggles but can derive thoughts from their successes as well or the comfort that they may have had.A unadulterated example is Jose Manuel Merello Arvillas bodegon electrico, which depicts Spains colorful yet subdued agriculture evident in t he shades and texture utilized. Similar to this is Vijendra Singh Devras painting of a three-part series called the Blue Night, where the texture was actually smooth and the wrinkle was stark that may be an evidence of the painters experiences or social status. It may not be easy to defy the norms. An artist is faced with the risk of being singled out either as great or poor.The genre of which the artwork is in defines the product that the artist creates. As mentioned in Necrophilic Logics and the revolt of the vagary, http//www. geocities. com/kk_abacus/carp. html A split mingled with the rational and irrational is constructed by every rational system from each one(prenominal) rationality creates a corresponding irrationality, that which does not fit inside of it. Therefore, each rational system has indispensable limits. To break out of a rationality, one must also be capable of conceiving of that which lies beyond the limits of that system.Rational systems can be useful tool s but they can also become genial prisons. There is a slim demarcation between the subconscious and the imagination of a person as it says that both are something that goes beyond the inherent limits of mans rationality. As such, it is clear that an artists genius is based on how he creates a unique description of what he has undergone or experienced as well as his absorption of what had been prove effective and successful for other artists as well.

China’s Foreign Policy Towards International Actors Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYmainland China has iodin of the four oldest civilizations in the field and a written tarradiddle of 4,000 eld. Chinas long history includes eras of primitive society, slave society, feudalism and semi feudalism, semi-colonialism and the present socialist society. The Chinese atomic number 18 very proud of their society. They value their own farming and religious belief but are open and pragmatic towards the religions and cultures of other(a)s. Chinese people in general are peaceful, hardworking and easily contented. They respect authority and elders and are patient with their fellows. They will, however, push and sacrifice for their children. The Chinese value modesty, reserved demeanour and humility. They believe in harmony and tend to avoid confrontation. Chinese culture gives the Chinese people their basic identity. These core values are eccentric and consistent, shaped by a tradition of four thousand years of history and maintained by the same language .There is entirely one set of core values in the Chinese national culture, in spite of all the differences among these people and their societies. This cultural value system is uniquely Chinese that distinguish itself not only from Western cultures, but also from other Eastern cultures (for example, Japanese culture). China is now a global actor of significant and growing importance. It is involved in regions and on issues that were once only peripheral to its interests and it is effectively using tools previously unavailable. It is no longer needed to emphasize integrating China into the existing constellation of norms, rules, and institutions of the world-wide fraternity by and large, China is already there.It is influencing perceptions, relationships, and organizations all over the world. Chinas internationalist behavior is clearly altering the dynamics of the current international system, but it is not transforming its structure. Chinas global activism is driven by an ide ntifiable set of perceptions, objectives, and policiessome are long-standing and others are more current. two Chinas foreign policy objectives and its policies have evolved in the rifle decade but with more change in the latter than the former. In this sense, China has a distinct foreign policy strategy, to the extent that all nation has one. Chinas strategy is best understood as comprising multiple layers, each adding to an understanding of the totality of it.This monograph analyzes these layers, assesses the challenges for China in implementing its strategy, and evaluates the implications for Bangladesh and other countries interests and policy. The monograph analyzes the content, character, and execution of Chinas foreign policy towards International actors. It examines how China views its security system environment, how it defines its foreign policy objectives, how it is pursuing the objectives and the consequences for other countries economic and security interests. The bre adth and the rapidity of change in Chinas international activities are daunting to analyze, let alone to understand.

How the Police Access Data to Obtain Criminal Information Essay

Advancement in technology has completely changed the way in which equity enforcement agents have teaching, organize and make drill of that teaching ( rear, 2005). Foster (2005) states that technology has enhanced the use of entropy both in strategic and tactical sense. Scientific felon investigation is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the earliest methods of obtaining cultivation concerning wickedness and criminals. Fingerprint classification is a very good warning of scientific criminal investigation. Information technology has greatly enhanced the use of fingerprints in criminal investigation (Foster, 2005).Interviewing is the early(a) method used by virtue enforcement agents to obtain information. Uncle Bob was asked a few questions by the integrity enforcement officer in order to collect information concerning his name, address and movement license number. All information concerning criminal activities of an individual, collected by jurisprudence enforcement and w hich law enforcement officers lay down devil to, is taken as privileged information (Foster, 2005). This implies that this information is for official use only. honor enforcement agencies have general irritate to a abundant range of information of the common man that is privy and protected by law.The information retained by law enforcement agencies runs the spectrum from crime reports to personnel platters (Pattavina, 2005). Police officers gather a great deal of information, which they stay on for a long time. Majority of the law enforcement agencies in the United States have computerized files and criminal spirits. This implies that most of the law enforcement officers in the country have access to computerized criminal histories (Pattavina, 2005). Criminal referee information dusts contain all information collected in and used in the criminal justice system.This information include state drivers license records, privately gathered information and private data in addit ion to court transcripts of testimony. Police records on the different hand deal with information gathered, preserved as well as organized by the law of nature (Foster, 2005). A fully integrated law enforcement record management system has the capacity to access to all other records preserved by different criminal justice organizations. The Florida police incision was able to obtain information concerning the weight, height, and criminal history of uncle Bob because its record management system is fully integrated.A fully integrated record management system is made up of various smaller systems whose principal(prenominal) role is to give-and-take information with a master server (Foster, 2005). Law enforcement management system, as stated by Pattavina (2005), is a comprehensive system that allows for the capture in addition to transmission of information from a wide range of sources and also allows for different types of information queries in addition to bridging law enforceme nt agencies to outside sources of information (Foster, 2005).Law enforcement agencies make use of the internet to exchange information on matters of national security (Pattavina, 2005). Miami Police Department obtained criminal and personal information of uncle Bob through the internet. Communication between the police officer in the sketch and his agency was enhanced by the accompaniment that law enforcement officers can access a wide range of speech manuals as well as policy in searchable online databases (Foster, 2005). The internet is one of the major technology developments that supplements law enforcement communication schemes.Uncle Bob is likely to be charged with over speeding. It can therefore be concluded that improvement in technology has completely changed the way in which law enforcement agents obtain information, organize and make use of information. Interviewing is one of the major approaches employed by law enforcement agents to gather information. Communication between law enforcement officers in the field with their agencies as well as between different criminal justice organizations is enhanced by integration of Internet in communication system.

Health Hazards of Using Excessive Computers

data processors argon very important and help us in many ways but they depose also produce us problems. Some of the problems are,backache which is caused by improper sitting posture and can be prevented by sitting upright with your back resting on the spine chair. The other problem is oculus strain which can be caused by radiations emitted by the monitor and can be prevented by regulating the measuring rod of light from the monitor and avoid using a flickering monitor. A neck ache is caused by putting the monitor above the optic level and can be avoided by sluring your monitor on the same level with your eyes.The Risks With the increase in electronic computer use, a offspring of health and safety concerns related to vision and body aches and mental strain fork up arisen. Many problems with computer use are temporary and can be resolved by adopting simple corrective action. Most problems related to computer use are completely preventable. However it is important to seek l ively medical attention if you do experience symptoms including * continual or fall out uneasiness * aches and pains * throbbing * tingling numbness * burning sorcerer * or stiffness Seek help even if symptoms occur when you are not useing at your computer. Laptop computers can present contingent problems due to small screens, keyboards and inbuilt pointing devices (e. g. a small portable reversal or touchpad). Prolonged use of laptops should be avoided. If using a laptop as a main computer (i. e. use as a normal desktop computer in addition to use as a portable), it is advisable to use the laptop with a docking station.This allows an cut-and-dry mouse, keyboard and monitor to be used with the laptop. The main risks associated with using computers include * musculoskeletal problems * Eye strain and a greater awareness of existing eye problems Rashes and other skin complaints have also been reported, although it is thought these are caused by the dry atmosphere and static elec tricity associated with display units rather thus by the display units themselves. There are potential risks from radiation though this is a contentious area. Musculoskeletal problemsThese can range from general aches and pains to more serious problems and include * Upper limb disorders such as repetitive strain injury (RSI) tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome by far the most important as it can quickly function to permanent incapacity * Back and neck pain and discomfort * tautness stress headaches and related ailments These types of problem can be caused by * Maintaining an touched or unhealthy posture while using the computer * short(p) lower back support * Sitting in the same position for an extended period of time * An ergonomically pathetic sprainstation set upEye strain Computer users can experience a number of symptoms related to vision including * ocular fatigue * Blurred or double vision * Burning and wet eyes * Headaches and frequent changes in prescription glasses Computer work hasnt been proven to cause permanent eye damage, but the temporary discomfort that may occur can reduce productivity, cause lost work time and reduce job satisfaction. Eye problems are usually the resoluteness of visual fatigue or glare from bright windows or beefed-up light sources, light reflecting off the display screen or poor display screen contrast.

Importance of Vocational Education Essay

vocational upbringing ( program line based on occupation or employment) (also known as vocational education and training or VET) is education that prepares people for specific trades, crafts and careers at various trains from a trade, a craft, technician, or a professional position in engineering, accountancy, nursing, medicine, architecture, pharmacy, law etc. business deal vocations are usually based on manual or virtual(a) activities, conventionally non- academician, related to a specific trade, occupation, or vocation.It is sometimes referred to as technical education as the trainee directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques. In the UK some high technician engineering positions that postulate 4-5 year apprenticeship require academic study to HNC / HND or higher metropolis & Guilds take. Vocational education may be classified as program line procedural familiarity. This can be contrasted with declarative knowledge, as used in education in a usually b roader scientific field, which might abide on theory and abstract conceptual knowledge, characteristic of tertiary education.Vocational education can be at the secondary, post-secondary level, further education level and can interact with the apprenticeship carcass. Increasingly, vocational education can be recognize in terms of recognition of prior learning and partial academic attribute towards tertiary education (e. g. , at a university) as credit however, it is rarely considered in its own form to fall under the traditional definition of higher education.Vocational education is related to the age-old apprenticeship system of learning. Apprenticeships are designed for many levels of work from manual trades to high knowledge work. However, as the labor market becomes more specialized and economies demand higher levels of skill, g everyplacenments and businesses are increasingly investing in the future of vocational education through publicly funded training organizations and s ubsidized apprenticeship or traineeship initiatives for businesses.At the post-secondary level vocational education is typically provided by an institute of technology, university, or by a local community college. Vocational education has diversified over the 20th century and now exists in industries such as retail, tourism, study technology, funeral services and cosmetics, as well as in the traditional crafts and cottage industries.

Kohlbergs Theory Essay

PSYCHOLOGY 112Table of limit* Introduction* Definition of Kohlbergs Theory* Advantage in Kohlbergs Theory* Disadvantage in Kohlbergs Theory* printing* recommendationIntroductionLawrence Kohlbergs formats of righteous developing constitute an adaptation of a psychological hypothesis originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. The possible action holds that chaste reasoning, the root word for ethical behavior, has sixsome identifiable victimisational symbolizes, apiece(prenominal) much adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor. Kohlberg determined that the process of moral organic evolution was principally concerned with goodice, and that it continued throughout the exclusives lifetime, a notion that spawned dialogue on the philosophical implications of such research. For his studies, Kohlberg relied on stories such as the Heinz dilemma, and was interested in how individuals would unspoiltify their actions if placed in similar mor al dilemmas.He then analyzed the form of moral reasoning displayed, rather than its conclusion, and classified it as belonging to one of six distinct stages Kohlbergs six stages dirty dog be more generally hosted into three take aims of two stages each pre- received, conventional and post-conventional. Following Piagets constructivist requirements for a stage moulding, as described in his surmise of cognitive development, it is extremely rare to regress in stagesto lose the use of higher(prenominal) stage abilities. Stages cannot be skipped each provides a new and necessary perspective, more comprehensive and differentiated than its predecessors except integrated with them. Kohlbergs TheoryThe stage of Moral Development/Moral Reasoning1. Pre-conventional take2. stodgy level3. Post-conventional level..Psychologist, studied the reasoning ability & recognizing where a youngster is at shell outing to stages can help identify how child may line up about illness ,moral reasoni ng & cognitive stages of development.LEVEL STAGE/ eld CHARACTERISTICS Pre conventional Stage 1(2 to 3 y/o)Stage 2(4 to 7 y/o) homage and punishment orientation(How can I reduce punishment?) A child distinguish him the right thing because he was told to do so to avoid punishment.Self-interest orientation(Paying for a benefit)Child caries out actions to satisfy his own inescapably rather than the societys.The child does something for another if he gets something in return. Conventional Stage 3(7/10 y/o)Stage 4(10/12 y/o) Interpersonal accord and conformity(The good boy/good girl attitude)A child watchs rules because of a imply to be good person in own eyes & in the eyes of the othersAuthority and social-order maintaining orientation(Law and order morality)A child follows rules of authority figures as easy as parents to keep the system working. Post conventional Stage 5(older than 12y/o)Stage 6(older than 12 y/o) Social contract orientation(Utilitarian Law Making Perspective)A c hild follow standards of society for the good of peopleUniversal ethical principles(Principled conscience)A child follows internalized standards of conduct.Advantages of the Kohlbergs theoryThe ability to empirically test the individual for where they are in their moral development, along with strikeering a basic structure for creating just communities applicable both within and outside student affairs. More all over, Kohlbergs model offers insight as to why an individual may be pursuance out justice based on what stage they are in. 2. Kohlbergs theory essentially provides a roadmap for moral hazarding that otherwise did not exist. 3. It inadvertently offers benchmarks for where one might be in their moral development based on their life situation. 4. Offering a structure for justcommunities. It was Kohlbergs hope that he would employ his theory to create communities that were collaborative, held each other accountable, and had philosophical and educational discussions to furthe r both the individual and the group in their moral development (Kohlberg, 1971, 1972). It offers a venue for individuals to discuss a number of hypothetical or moral dilemmas while simultaneously furthering development through cognitive dissonance.Disadvantages in Kohlbergs theoryGender exits that usurp moral reasoning cultural differences in regards to the Western cultures versus the non-Western cultures the model organism a hard stage model the focus of justice over care and finally the use of hypothetical determination making over real life dilemmas in the judgings. 2. Gender differences in moral reasoning. chant Gilligan (1982/1983) was strongly opposed to Kohlbergs model mainly on the basis of gender. As stated, Kohlberg originally based his theory on a subject of young male individuals excluding women. Gilligan (1982/1983) argued that Kohlbergs theory incorporated a gender bias directly into the theory as well as the assessment tools. Moreover, she argued Kohlberg ignor ed a womens moral orientation to a solution of care. Some studies strike shown that looking at responses to the Rests defining Issues Test (DIT) (Rest, 1986a) and Moral Judgment Inter see to it (MJI) (Colby, et al, 1987), men tend to be more justice oriented and women more care oriented, and especially so when they take on the traditional gender roles (Rest, 1986b Walker, 1984).This is concerning since Kohlbergs theory is authentically justice oriented. It may be more difficult to get an ideal answer about where a woman is in moral development in regards to Kohlbergs stage model than a male. 3. Cultural and Religious. holiness can play a major factor in an individuals personal and moral development. Both Rest (1986) and Dirks (1988) found that a number that religion was a factor in moral decision making. Rest (1986) found that those coming from a liberal perspective tended to stain higher in moral development than others. Dirks (1988) found that those with an evangelical tac tual sensation system are less likely to enter into the post conventional stage. In terms of cultural differences there is likely a difference in moral reasoning in Western cultures versus non Western cultures. The place systemsoften differ vastly and as such may not be able to fit in to one particular stage in Kohlbergs theory. Western cultures tend to be more individualist (Miller & Bersoff, 1992). While this problem may seem minute, the validity of a theory must be tested across gender and culture. In this regard, Kohlbergs theory is not as applicable to other cultures because it is based off a values system that is very much Americanized. Ironically, a theory that seeks to promote universality is not as universal as it should be.OpinionKohlbergs Theory covers the moral development stages of an individual and I pretend this theory is a huge help for a person, especially those who hurl children. Kohlbergs theory may serve as guide on how a parent would treat their childs behavi our. Parents would understand why their child is behaving in such manner and they can make corrective action or decision on how to correct or mitigate unpleasant behaviour. And guide them in developing their sense of morality. And make them an just and morally mature person.By knowing this theory we can in like manner examine ourselves. Reflect and think of situation we encountered in our life and how we reacted to it. By doing so, we will know what level of morality we fit in.I think morality depends on a persons point of view. We can only say its wrong if its against the law but the morality issue of the person really depends on what his conscience tell him.RecommendationLawrence Kohlberg theory of Moral Development gives a detailed account on how a child develops morally. This theory is remarkable because we now have an overview about morality and we now have guidance if we are on the right track or not. We can now assess our level of morality. And we can now choose what leve l we want to be.Report byMr.Dennies Dela CruzMs.Iris Vi P.De JesusBSCMorality is the ability to see an issue from points of view other than just your own. Lawrence Kohlberg

The Immune System – Overview

We atomic number 18 surrounded by billions of bacteria and computer viruses. To mevery of them, a piece beings world is standardized a walking smorgasbord, offering nearly limitless resources that they muckle use for energy and reproduction. Luckily for us, dejectting into the human form is not an easy task From the point of view of these tiny organisms, a human is a bit like a fortress. The skin is thick and real hard to penetrate. In addition, the skin also produces a variety of substances that be harmful to encroachers. Openings such(prenominal) as the eyes, nose, and mouth ar protected by legatos or sticky mucus that capture harmful attackers.The respiratory bundle also has mechanical defenses in the form of cilia, tiny hairs that remove leaveicles. Intruders that get as utmost as the stomach atomic number 18 up against a sea of stomach acid that kills nigh of them. only if in foulness of our fantastic defenses, soldieryile invaders still manage to get by dint of. well-nigh usher in along with our food, fleck new(prenominal)s may sneak in via the nose. And, as we in solely know, m both things pile break through our skin. In everyday sustenance we often receive cuts or scrapes, and every time this happens we face the insecurity of a full-scale invasion from bacteria or viruses.What is the magic, then, that keeps us well-grounded most of the time? When we receive a cut, and when invaders enter the body, cells are eradicateed. The dying cells trigger an automatic response c onlyed firing off, which includes dilated communication channel vessels and increased affinity flow. An firing off is the bodys equivalent to a burglar alarm. Once it goes off, it draws defensive cells to the damaged cranial orbit in great numbers. Increased blood flow attentions defensive cells celestial orbit the place where theyre dealed. It also accounts for the redness and swelling that occur. tolerant Cells The Defense The defensive cells a re more commonly kn make as insubordinate cells. They are part of a highly effective defense force called the repellent musical arrangement. The cells of the insubordinate body work together with diametric proteins to seek out and prohibit anything foreign or dangerous that enters our body. It takes some time for the resistant cells to be activated but once theyre operating at full strength, on that point are very few hostile organisms that stand a chance. Immune cells are snow-clad blood cells produced in huge quantities in the bone marrow.There are a wide variety of immune cells, to each one with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some seek out and devour invasive organisms, while former(a)s destroy infected or mutated body cells. Yet another causa has the king to release special proteins called antibodies that mark intruders for destruction by other cells. But the really cool thing about the immune agreement is that it has the qualification to remember enemies that it has fought in the past. If the immune system detects a registered invader, it will dispatch much more quickly and more fiercely against it.As a result, an invader that tries to attack the body a second time will most likely be wiped out before there are any symptoms of disease. When this happens, we say that the body has become immune. Bacteria and Viruses Our Main Enemies A virus needs a host cell to disgorge. Now that you know a bit about our defenses, lets take a closer look at our primary enemies. Bacteria and viruses are the organisms most often responsible for contend our bodies. Most bacteria are free living, while others live in or on other organisms, including humans.Unfortunately, many bacteria that have human hosts produce toxins (poisons) that damage the body. Not all bacteria are harmful, though. Some are neutral and many are even desirable as they fulfill important functions in the body. Bacteria are complete organisms that reproduce by cell division. Viruses, on the other cash in ones chips, cannot reproduce on their own. They need a host cell. They hijack body cells of humans or other species, and trick them into producing new viruses that can then invade other cells. Frequently, the host cell is destroyed during the fulfil. Pathogens and AntigensIn daily life we might speak of viruses, bacteria, and toxins. However, when learning about the immune system youll often come across the spoken communication antigen and pathogen. An antigen is a foreign substance that triggers a reaction from the immune system. Antigens are often make up on the surfaces of bacteria and viruses. A pathogen is a microscopical organism that causes sickness. Hostile bacteria and viruses are examples of pathogens The Immune System in More Detail The immune system is one of natures more captivating inventions. With ease, it protects us against billions of bacteria, viruses, and other parasites.Most of us never reflect upon the fact that while we hang out wi th our friends, watch TV, or go to school, inside our bodies, our immune system is constantly on the alert, attacking at the source stain of an invasion by harmful organisms. The immune system is very complex. Its do up of several types of cells and proteins that have different jobs to do in armed combat foreign invaders. In this section, well take a look at the separate of the immune system in some detail. If youre reading about the immune system for the first time, we recommend that you take a look at the Immune System Overview first (see link below).The Complement System The first part of the immune system that meets invaders such as bacteria is a group of proteins called the complement system. These proteins flow freely in the blood and can quickly reach the site of an invasion where they can react right off with antigens molecules that the body dos as foreign substances. When activated, the complement proteins can - trigger inflammation - attract eater cells such as macrophages to the area - coat intruders so that eater cells are more likely to devour them - kill intrudersPhagocytes This is a group of immune cells specialize in finding and eating bacteria, viruses, and curtly or injured body cells. There are three master(prenominal) types, the granulocyte, the macrophage, and the dendritic cell. The granulocytes often take the first stand during an infection. They attack any invaders in large numbers, and eat until they die. The pus in an infected pain consists chiefly of dead granulocytes. A small part of the granulocyte community is specialized in attacking larger parasites such as worms. The macrophages (big eaters) are slower to respond to invaders than the granulocytes, but they are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities. Macrophages also play a key part in alerting the rest of the immune system of invaders. Macrophages start out as white blood cells called monocytes. Monocytes that leave the blood stream turn into macrophages. The dendritic cells are eater cells and devour intruders, like the granulocytes and the macrophages. And like the macrophages, the dendritic cells help with the activation of the rest of the immune system.They are also capable of filtering body fluids to clear them of foreign organisms and particles. Lymphocytes T cells and B cells The lymphatic system The receptors duad only one specific antigen. White blood cells called lymph cells originate in the bone marrow but migrate to split of the lymphatic system such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. There are two of import types of lymphatic cells, T cells and B cells. The lymphatic system also involves a raptus system lymph vessels for transportation and storage of lymphocyte cells within the body.The lymphatic system feeds cells into the body and filters out dead cells and invading organisms such as bacteria. On the surface of each lymphatic cell are receptors that enable them to recognize foreig n substances. These receptors are very specialized each can check over only one specific antigen. To understand the receptors, think of a hand that can only grab one specific item. Imagine that your pass could only pick up apples. You would be a true apple-picking de stomach but you wouldnt be able to pick up anything else. In your body, each single receptor equals a hand in search of its apple. The lymphocyte cells travel through your body until they find an antigen of the right size and term to match their specific receptors. It might seem limiting that the receptors of each lymphocyte cell can only match one specific type of antigen, but the body makes up for this by producing so many different lymphocyte cells that the immune system can recognize nearly all invaders.T cells T cells come in two different types, helper cells and orca cells. They are named T cells after the thymus, an organ situated under the breastbone. T cells are produced in the bone marrow and later move to the thymus where they mature. Helper T cells are the major driving force and the main regulators of the immune defense. Their primary task is to activate B cells and killer T cells. However, the helper T cells themselves must be activated. This happens when a macrophage or dendritic cell, which has eaten an invader, travels to the nearest lymph node to present information about the captured pathogen. The phagocyte displays an antigen ingredient from the invader on its own surface, a attend to called antigen presentation. When the receptor of a helper T cell recognizes the antigen, the T cell is activated.Once activated, helper T cells start to divide and to produce proteins that activate B and T cells as well as other immune cells. PARTS AND FUNCTIONS White melodic phrase Cells * The smallest parts of the immune system are the myriad types of white blood cells that are responsible for demolishing malicious bacterial, viral and tumor cells. T cells serve as both managers and infection killers. They are responsible for set off and communicating with other types of white blood cells before destroying cancerous cells like parasites and tumors. Natural killer cells directly attack virus cells and tumor cells such as lymphoma, melanoma and herpes.They work alone without communicating with other parts of the immune system. B cells work to produce antibodies that attach themselves to foreign cells as a sign to natural killer cells and T cells to attack and destroy. ivory Marrow * An essential aspect of the immune systemand the origin of all types of immune system cellsis red bone marrow. Bone marrow is a specific type of tissue that grows in the empty centers of bones. This tissue uses the process of hematopoiesis to manipulate its own stem cells into B cells and natural killer cells, as well as the foundational pieces of other immune ells like T cells. Once they are created, these cells migrate out of the marrow tissue and impart through the blood stream to infection sites, other glands or around the body as general patrol entities. Thymus Gland* The foundations of T cells produced in the bone marrow, called thymocytes, leave the tissue and travel to the thymus gland for completion. The thymus is a small gland located near the lungs in the upper torso. Thymocytes complete their maturation in the thymus through the process of thymic education, where each cell is developed and examined for maximum efficiency.Cells that are not vigorous enough to provide immune support are destroyed and absorbed by the thymus, while the successfully matured cells are excreted from the gland into the blood stream. Spleen The spleen, which is located on the left side of the stomach however under the lung, is a blood filter that works to remove malignant cells from the blood stream. To assist in this function, it holds a significant store of B cells, T cells and natural killer cells to help eliminate any contaminants that are caught.The spleen also as sists in immune function by retention a store of red blood cells and platelets that can be deployed as support for the immune cells in the event of an infection or wound. Lymph Nodes * Lymph nodes, found throughout the body, are also organic parts of the immune system that filter tissue fluid for bacteria cells, tumor cells and viral particles. corresponding the spleen, lymph nodes are full of the various types of white blood cells that clean the lymph fluid before returning it to various areas of the body.Lymph nodes are located in the head, neck, arms, legs, abdomen and genital area of the human body and are connected through a network of afferent lymphatic vessels. In the event of an infection, white blood cells can use these lymphatic vessels to quickly communicate with other parts of the immune system. SKIN The skin is the largest organ in area. With the Langerhans cells in the lowest epidermal layers, it is equipped with specialized immunologically competent cells. The Lang erhans cells play a central role in the skins immune system and are an integral part of the bodys total defence system.The bodys own defence against microorganisms begins directly at the skin surface. Special fatty acids from the sebaceous glands (i) and the secretions of certain bacteria be to the physiological skin flora inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. indisputable enzymes present in sweat (lysozymes) can destroy the cell walls of invading bacteria. If a foreign body passes this first line of defence for example, receivable to skin damage the skins immune system responds. Many cells help fend off foreign bodies. Among these are cells like the Langerhans cells that are specific to the skins immune system.

Quality of Healthcare Essay

In todays consumer market, hoi polloi argon not only aspect for the high hat price for what want, only when also the best feeling for his or her dollar health take is no different. The consumer is more educated and particular than ever when determining where they would charge their health alimony needs. Word-of-mouth is no longer enough, so nation are turning to research firms to help them make their final finish in finding quality condole with. Consumers are also looking for as many perks and additional services they toilette receive. Why go to a traditional hospital that only treats the immediate problem then sends a patient role back home without aftercare information and support? Specialty, additional, and non-traditional services provided can set a preparedness apart from others, and provide a high standard of quality care in specified areas that may stir to a patients need.How do health care facilities and staff improve upon animated services? Patient satisfact ion surveys conducted by external research firms much(prenominal) as from DSS research (www.dssresearch.com) can help improve quality of patient experience from the entire facility experience down to specifics such including be and treatment by staff. Results from research firms help consumers determine what facilities would best cortege them with their current and future needs or those of a loved bingle they are responsible for.Surveys are not only conducted by patients, only also physicians, and staff also. For example, 32.5% of the scoring for the top 10 ranking hospitals in the U.S.in 2009 is based on physician input (Comarow,2009). E rattling patient or staff member who completes these quality surveys provides facility administrators the information they need to counsel on the areas needing improvement. These results may lead to additional staff didactics, restructuring, or improvements to the esthetics of the facility.When a patient is in need of emergency care for a ca rdiac problem, the emergency medical technician (EMT) may ask the patient or a family member what hospital he or she would prefer to be transported to if there is an option. An expectant mother sometimes has several choices of hospital to speech her baby at through her provider. A individual with a chronic condition may want to choose a specific facility to be seen at for his or her condition. Beca intention patients do need to make these decisions, looking into a facilitys availability of supererogatoryty, additional and non-traditional services becomes very important to the quality of that patients care.Staffing availability and qualifications along facility affiliations affect quality of care. Informed patients want to be seen by doctors and facilities that have the specialty training in their area of need. Peace of mind adds to the quality of care if the patient knows there are options open to him or her through the affiliations amongst his or her doctors and the hospitals t hey are contracted with through amends companies. Cooperative care between affiliated personalised physicians, specialty physicians, and health care facilities through the use of current technologies also increases the peace of mind of the patient and reduces risks to the parties involved.Catering to patients personal preferences also adds to quality of experience in facilities. In recent years, doctors and hospitals and insurance companies have changed to their approaches to prenatal care and bir social occasion. A family has numerous options open to them as far as what type of provider they choose for prenatal care and the type of facility and birth experience they want to have. As at Baptist Memorial Hospital, quite a few hospitals maternity rooms are used for labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum care (U.S. health Care System, Axia), and some go even beyond toinclude water birthing rooms with special atmospheric conditions, such as, lighting, temperature, and sounds.Quali ty is a subjective term, one person may highly recommend a facility or doctor, and other may have a negative opinion. The most important thing to do is to research beforehand, and give feedback through surveys after the experience. Health care quality can only change and improve with the help of everyone.ResourcesAxia College (2010), The U.S. Health System, p194Dss research, www.dssresearch.comComarow, Avery (7-15-2009), Americas Best Hospitals the 200-10 Honor Roll Theyre the best of the best-the 0.4 percent of all hospitals with high scores in 6 or more specialties written for U.S. News & World Report

The Reality of Imagination

The Reality of the Imagination Rebecca Smarcz Poetry is a dichotomy of imaginativeness and cosmos. It requires metaphors and abstract symbols as checkatives of the poets visual sensation. These metaphors and symbols are visualised through concrete images in auberge to correlate with the naive realism that the ref and poet exist in. According to Roy Harvey Pearces essay Wallace Stevens The life sentence of the Imagination, Stevens refers to himself as an office of the caprice and As poet, he Stevens isan exponent of the ideaBut, as human race cosmos, he finds that he must hold the mood to concrete universe (Pearce 117).Pearce, on with many other critics, believe that the diverging relationship in the midst of an imaginative world and ingenuousness is one of Stevens biggest concerns and struggles in his numbers. This battle in the midst of visual modality and candor existed for Stevens in poetry as well as in his everyday intent. In a letter to Ronald Lane Latim er in March 1937, Stevens wrote, I have been trying to see the world about me both as I see it and as it is (Beckett 117).This struggle amidst idea and reality is extremely apparent in Stevens poetry, specifically in eventide Without Angels and A fade of the insolate, both of which were published in the 1936 strength Ideas of Order. Stevens contrasts images of light and dark, sunlightlightshine and dark, in Evening Without Angels and A Fading of the Sun in set up to illustrate a dichotomy in the midst of tomography and reality as well as accuracy and individual perception.While Stevens establishes a strict opposing relationship in the beginnings of these specific poems, by the termination of each of the poems he recognizes that both tomography and equity are needed components of ruse and flavor by the uniting image and reality as comple workforcets of each other, rather than divergent ele workforcets. He uses poetry as a medium to address the relationship ami d imagination and truth, and these poems are no exception. In the very beginning of A Fading of the Sun Stevens nowadays calls upon the earshot to question the extremity between light and dark, and in turn, the difference of opinion between imagination and reality.He begins with, Who tidy sum think of the sun costuming clouds, which instantaneously asks the reference to imagine (Fading 1). The verb to think, while it can also convey an action relations with factual knowledge, Stevens clearly uses it in this circumstance in an imaginative smell by the sun image he asks the audience to think of. The sun implies bright, openness, and light therefore, it serves as a symbol for the imagination. With imagination there is board for interpretation and variations among individual imaginations.The double meaning of the verb to think, the factual versus the imaginative meaning, inherently adds to the struggle Stevens faces regarding imagination and reality when he writes poetry. Furt hermore, Stevens establishes an opposing relationship between light and dark passim the first three stanzas of A Fading of the Sun. In the first stanza Stevens calls upon the audience to imagine the sun costuming clouds. The image of the sun costuming, masking, or covering up the clouds is unrealistic and the reader can entirely rely on his imagination to picture this image (Fading 1).The sun can never cover up the clouds because of their location in the earths atmosphere they are evermore in front of the sun. Furthermore, due to their denseness and chemical makeup the suns light will always be muffled when it tries to penetrate even the thinnest cloud. If the audience does go along with Stevens image of the sun masking the clouds, they imagine a scene in which they can only see the brightness of the sun with no shadows or tincture, undecomposed pure light, pure imagination.However, with this intense sunlight, pile are shaken (Fading 2). Here, Stevens com manpowerts on the issue of poetry and life only having imagination, completely excluding truth and reality. People are uneasy with overly much sunlight and imagination, with no reality to remain it out. In contrast to poetry and life having too much sunlight and imagination, Stevens also negatively remarks upon life and poetry macrocosm solely centered on darkness and reality. Darkness implies truth and definiteness because there is only one color with darkness black.There is sureness in this color, there is no room for other interpretations, there is just black, just darkness, just reality and truth. Too much darkness causes people to outshout for help and makes their bodies grows suddenly cold (Fading 5, 7). People become lifeless and consent to unhappiness when there is no imagination in their lives. With this opaque darkness The tea is bad, cole sad, ultimately, Stevens implies that imagination is wish sustenance for the mind (Fading 8). diet gives energy to the ashes and is necessary f or survival just as imagination is necessary for survival.Stevens tarnishes tea and bread in order to relate how the body becomes tarnished when it is only sur go by reality and when humans exists without imagination. Without food people die therefore, without imagination they can non live their lives to the fullest (Fading 10). Moreover, Stevens affirms that it is impossible to be happy without a script. He states that it is a lie If joy shall be without a book (Fading 11). Here, Stevens uses the book as a symbol for art, poetry, and imagination. Life without art and imagination will be dark and unhappy it is like a flick without sun.Imagination needs to be a sort of poetry and life, and although this whitethorn be true for Stevens in these first stanzas, Stevens eventually settles upon the notion that reality must be a component in poetry and life as well. Stevens searches for a balance between light and dark, imagination and reality, in this poem and in life and he finds tha t balance in the lead stanza. Stevens erases his prior negative outlook on the diverging relationship of imagination and reality by creating an image of the sun and night working together.The pillars of the sun, / Supports of night is a direct reference to Stevens realization of the harmonizing combination of imagination and truth (Fading 16-17). The sun interprets imagination while the night represents reality. With these sun pillars supporting the night people live a full life with tea and drink that are good and bread and meat that are sweet. Stevens prepares this image of the sun and night transcending their opposing differences in order to establish the idea that imagination and reality are important parts to life and poetry.When Stevens combines the image of the sun, representing imagination, with the night, symbolise reality, The wine is good. The bread, / is sweet (Fading 18-19). Although Stevens also refers to tea and meat as being edible and good with the unification of imagination of reality, he forces the reader to centralise solely on the wine and bread images by placing the wine and bread in the same line of the poem. Stevens inclusion of the wine and bread images seems to be a clear religious reference to the Nazarene Christ in which Jesus offers his body and blood to his disciples in the form of bread and wine.When Jesus offered these gifts to his disciples his disciples needed faith and imagination to truly believe that these real, tangible items were thence the body and blood of Jesus Christ. This idea that faith is needed in order to transcend the reality of these items correlates with the relationship between imagination and reality that Stevens addresses throughout this poem. Furthermore, with any religion, there is a necessary balance between faith, imagination, and touch, with reality, certainty, and truth. An individual must believe in his faith of the afterlife but he must also not ignore the reality of his life on earth.This last stanza supports Lucy Becketts claim of Stevens constant devotion to reality, his belief that the phrase the truth of the imagination has a meaning only with treasure to the imaginations relation with reality. Although Stevens poetry is largely based in his imaginative world, Beckett notes that Stevens realizes his responsibility as a poet to balance imagination and reality (Beckett 42). Stevens even states in his essay Effects of Analogy that when writing poetry The poet is constantly concerned with two theories.One relates to the imagination as a baron within him not so much to destroy reality at will as to put it to his stimulate usesThe second theory relates to the imagination as a power within him to have such insights into reality (Beckett 43). In A Fading of the Sun Stevens uses his power as a poet to combine reality with imagination and he faces the same task in Evening Without Angels. Stevens, once again, addresses the relationship between imagination and reality i n his poem Evening Without Angels and immediately calls attention to the natural separation between imagination and reality in the beginning lines of the poem.He opens the poem with the question, Why seraphim like lutanists arranged / Above the trees? directly placing seraphim, or angels, on a cut off level from the trees (Evening 1-2). Stevens immediately creates this image of separation between imaginative beings, seraphim, and the trees, which represent the earth and reality. He creates this separation between imagination and reality in this first stanza in order to set up the conflict between the two components throughout the poem, and then, just as he does in A Fading of the Sun, concludes the poem with the complementary combination of both imagination and reality.Furthermore, Stevens directly questions the audience in these opening lines in order to force the audience to wonder why there has to be a separation of imagination and reality in poetry and in life. In other words, Stevens sparks a wondering in the audience in the beginning of the poem and throughout the poem brings the audience on journey to discover the true balance of imagination and reality. Stevens continues to question the dichotomy between imagination and reality by issuing the question in the third stanza, Was the sun concoct for angels or for men? (Evening 10). Here, the sun is representative of the imagined world, specifically heaven. Stevens questions whether the imagined world is only silent for imagined things, like angels, or if men can be a part of the imagined world as well. Later on in the poem, Stevens declares that men, indeed, are men of sun they are part of the imagined world (Evening 14). However, before Stevens comes to this realization he wants the audience to think about mans place in the imagined world.After he questions whether the imagined world is for men or for angels he states, Sad men made angels of the sun, and of / The moon they made their own attendant ghos ts (Evening 11-12). From this passage, Stevens seems to be affirming his pro-imagination stance. When men only place angels, or imagined things in their imagination, instead of incorporating imagination into their own human reality, they become unhappy. Again, Stevens utilizes the image of the moon in order to symbolize reality therefore, when men do not have any sun or imagination in their lives, they become ghosts in their reality.Ghosts are pellucid figures without any substance to them, so without imagination men exist in their reality without any substance they are empty beings. Therefore, in order to have substance in poetry and in life imagination must be included. In a letter that Stevens wrote to Latimer in 1936 he states, There is a point at which intelligence destroys poetry (H. Stevens 20). Intelligence, fact, truth, and reality, concord to Stevens, obstruct and hinder the imagination that exists in poetry. Stevens, when writing poetry consciously limited realitys infl uence and focused on the art of imagination.However, while imagination is obviously important to Stevens, just as he does in A Fading of the Sun, he also stresses the wideness of a balance between imagination and reality in the last hardly a(prenominal) stanzas of Evening Without Angels. He discusses how The motions of the mind often times Desire for rest (Evening 21, 24). Stevens associates these motions of the mind with Light while the need for rest is associated with darkness, clearly implying that the imagination needs to be muffled by darkness, or reality (Evening 20-21).Here, Stevens clearly establishes his devotion to reality (Beckett 42). But, it is not until the last few lines of the poem that Stevens demonstrates the importance of a balance between imagination and reality. In the last lines of Evening Without Angels Stevens creates the image in which imagination becomes truth. Stevens writes, Where the role that is in us makes a true re- / sponse (Evening 34-35). The vo ice is a symbol of the poetic voice within the poet as well as the imaginative voice that lives inside of each individual.Through his poetry Stevens uses his poetic voice as a tool to touch base imagination and reality. Finally, Stevens concludes the poem by creating the juxtaposition of the sun and moon Where the voice that is great within us rises up, / As we stand gazing at the rounded moon (Evening 36-37). Again Stevens attributes sun-like qualities to the imagination by giving it the motion of boost up. Then, he combines the imaginative world and reality by placing the individual in a dark setting, staring at the moon, which is a symbol for reality.Stevens connects the imagination to the rising of the sun in order to make the audience alert that the sun and moon, although they are opposites, do indeed complement each other. free-and-easy the sun rises and then it sets, allowing night to start, indicating reliance upon one another. If the sun does not rise and set the moon will not be seen. baby M. Bernetta Quinn explains in her essay, Metamorphosis in Wallace Stevens, that Stevens poetry deals with the concrete, the particular philosophy, with the abstract (Quinn 69).Throughout his writing, Stevens stresses that imagination and reality are both necessary components of life and poetry. He is equal to come to this conclusion by the act of poetry writing, in which he incorporates metaphors and symbols as representatives of his imagination. These metaphors and symbols are grounded in concrete images and reality in order for the audience to be able to understand and relate to Stevens imagination and create their own imaginative world through his writing. Work Cited Beckett, Lucy. Wallace Stevens. New York Cambridge UP, 1974.Print. Pearce, Roy H. Wallace Stevens The Life of Imagination. Wallace Stevens. Ed. Marie Borriff. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1963. N. pag. Print. Quinn, Sister M. Bernetta. Metamorphosis in Wallace Stevens. Wallace Stevens. Ed. Marie Borriff. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1963. N. pag. Print. Stevens, Holly. Souvenirs and Prophecies The Young Wallace Stevens. N. p. Alfred A. Knopf, 1977. Print. Stevens, Wallace. The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens. New York Vintage, 1990. A Fading of the Sun & Evening Without Angels. Print.

Human Overuse of Resources Calls for Second Earth Essay

According to a UK study, growth of the universe and an increase consumption of resources could leave humans in need of a back artificial satellite as early as 2030. Human demands on born(p) resources have doubled in less than 50 years, according to the surviving Planet Report. The rove at which resources are being utilized with the population as is or growing will exceed the capacity of the orbiter in about 30 years. The report also said equatorial wildlife populations are falling by as much as 60 percent over the past three decades.Authors of the study analyzed 8,000 populations of 2,500 species, as well as global changes in water consumption and undercoat spend. According to the latest information, it could be that half of the total plant performance and most of the animals worldwide contribute to the wellbeing of just one species mankind. The growing of natures resources occurs when we necessitate more than can be replaced naturally. For case this happens when we cut trees down and do non replace those we have felled. for each one time that more trees are felled than can be replaced naturally, it causes the forest to gradually disappear and with it, all of the species dependent on this habitat for survival. Currently the rate of tree-felling is 10 times quicker than the rate of natural reforestation. The exploitation of the sea also belongs in this category. More than 70 percent of the fish we consume are over-farmed. The trawlers have become so efficient that very few fish remain behind as the nets collect the days catch.Coal is often used by power-plants to produce electric automobileity. If people would use electricity more efficiently (ie, by turning off appliances when not in use, etc. ), there would be less demand for electric power and thus less coal to be burned. Domestic hotness often uses natural gas. One can cut down on consumption by isolating their homes better (reducing the amount of h fertilize which escapes), by using mor e energy efficient heaters, etc. Soil covers a major portion of the earths land surface.It is an important natural resource that either directly or indirectly supports most of the planets life. Life here depends upon soil for food. Plants are rooted in soil and obtain needed nutrients there. Animals get their nutrients from plants or from other animals that eat plants. Many animals make their homes or are sheltered in the soil. Microbes in the soil cause the breakdown and decay of dead organisms, a passage that in turn adds more nutrients to the soil.

Battered wives

To consider the amount and types of violence in U. S. homes, sociologists leave interviewed nation bothy representative samples of U. S. couples (Straus, 1992). Although non all sociologists agree, Murray Straus concludes that husbands and wives atomic number 18 about as likely to attack bingle another. When it comes to the effects of violence, however, gender equality certainly vanishes. As Straus points out, as yet though she whitethorn throw the coffeepot first, it is generally he who lands the last and well-nigh negatively charged b modest.Consequently, many more wives than husbands seek medical attention beca consumption of marital violence. A good part of the reason, of course, is that most husbands ar bigger and stronger than their wives, putting women at a disadvantage in this literal battle of the sexes. wildness against women is tie in to the sexist structure of society and to tenderization. Growing up with norms that encourage antagonism and the use of violen ce, many men feel it is their right to control women.When foreclose in a relationship or even by causes right(prenominal) it, many men turn violently on their wives and l everywheres. The basic scruple is how to socialize manfuls to handle frustration and disagreements without resorting to violence and this has not been answered yet. This paper leave behind be discussing battered women and battered women syndrome in relationship to detestation and deterrence. strike of Women The characteristics of assaulting a spouse or love suggest low deterrability. The demeanor appears to be irrational, expressive, quite violent and likely to take place in private.It is often pointed out that the act historically has been culturally cond unrivaledd and arguably continues so to nearly degree. Given a theoretical framework generally suggesting low deterrability, the outcome of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence experiment (Sherman & Berk, 1984) was quite surprising. The design of this all important(p) study provided for random assignment of three constabulary chemical reactions to cases of misdemeanor domesticated assault, the hook of the offender, separation of the parties and any(prenominal) sort of advice, including mediation.Police officers responding to domestic violence calls were instructed to interact as dictated by the color of the form appearing at the top of the report pad. Cases were then followed for six months to determine if the assaulters recidivated, as measured by additional reports to the police and completionic interviews with the victims. The terminal rate of repeat assaults, 13% was obtained when the offenders had been arrested, a middle level, 18. 2% followed advice or mediation, while the highest incidence of new assaults came after separation.The researchers concluded that swift pain of a sanction of temporary incarceration may deter male person offenders in domestic assault casesIn short criminal justness sanctions seem to matter f or this offense in this setting with this group of undergo offenders (Sherman & Berk, 1984, p. 270). Special deterrence was thought to be operating even for this theoretically unpromising type of crime. The Minneapolis study, in combination with feminist activism and civil suits quest equal protection of the laws for battered women had an unprecedented impact on police policy.Arrest became the preferred policy for misdemeanor domestic assault cases in most large U. S. police departments and remains the norm. Arrests of men who had committed misdemeanor assaults against their partners go from a rarity in 1984 when the study was reported to the typical response well before the close of the decade. Ironically the changes in law score also led to dramatic increases in arrests of women, and have created a perceive of ambivalence among virtually feminist criminologists (Chesney-Lind, 2002).While the impact of the Minneapolis experiment, combined with other social forces, was rapid a nd substantial, a series of six replication studies reflected the complexity of the apprehension of deterrence. Lively debate was stimulated because the conclusions of the evaluators of these six studies were quite divergent. While or so found special deterrent effects of arrest, albeit weaker, others did not. Still others found that arrest increased recidivism among marginal offenders, those who may have felt they had nothing to lose.In Milwaukee, for example, lazy suspects were more likely to assault their partners again if arrested (Sherman, Schmidt, Rogan, Smith, Gartin, Cohn, Collins & Bacich, 1992). The raise for deterring the crime of misdemeanor assaults of women in domestic settings is mixed and complex. The consensus seems to be that there is some special deterrent effect, varying by characteristics of the offender. Unfortunately, differences in deterrability by persons, even when clearly understood, complicate the task of policy development.If arrest deters some assau lters, precisely escalates the violence of others, police policy for responding to these crimes becomes far more surd to formulate. polity changes in the area of police responses to woman battering have been one of the most dramatic within criminal justice in late(a) decades. The policy directive of most U. S. police departments has shifted from one of arrest evasion for misdemeanor assault of intimate partners, to a presumptive arrest standard. In other words, rather than having to justify an arrest as exceptional, an officer essential defend a non-arrest decision when a woman is the victim of a minor assault.The habitual opinion for these changes is mixed (Brown, 1990). Battered Woman Syndrome Women who are victims of violence from husbands and live-in male companions increasingly are being brought within the setting of criminological study. Earlier such events were regarded by the male-dominated realm of law enforcement and the equally male-dominated real of social scienc e as private affairs, best left hand in the shadows. There was a wild myth that women enjoyed being hit, understand it as attention, and therefore a sign of caring. Some victims who are beat out may respond with seeming indifference.Women who are overcome, particularly lower-class women may not see themselves as real victims, but merely as suffering the usual lot of a woman. The problem of wife licking did not command the public attention it now receives because of startling increases in such violence, but rather because of a shift in public sentiment. By capitalizing on the expansionist interests in the social work, mental health, and reasoned professions, and offering a good subject for the media, special interest groups convinced(p) people that there was a problem demanding attention.Hundreds of shelters for battered women that provided an alternative to rest with abusive males soon were opening (Walker, 2000). Today the battered woman syndrome sometimes is successfully i ntroduced into criminal trials to excuse a woman who killed her husband after being subjected to intense abuse over a considerable period of time. Many men take exception to such acquittals, insisting that the use of lethal force is a disproportionate response after all assault is not a capital offense. They also may cope that the women could have departed rather than killed.Many women take strong exception to this male position. They insist that the victims of domestic violence lose their self-respect, their judgment, and that they retaliate out of desperation (Chan, 2001). In the past few long time, considerable national attention has been inclined to the issue of how to handle persons who kill spouses or loves, who abuse them. In some states women convicted of killing their husbands after years of abuse have been granted benignity and released from prison. Jurisdictions have differed in their treatment of the battered women syndrome defense.Some courts have refused to admit ev idence of the syndrome. Others have admitted it for limited purposes, such as to show the inability of a woman to assist her attorney in her defense (Walker, 2000). Conclusion It has been estimated that over 1. 5 million wives in this country are severely beaten by their husbands annually (Strauss, 1992), and such figures may underestimate the number of real cases. Women in cohabiting relationships are even more likely than wives to be battered, although the reasons for this are not at all clear.Sympathy for battered women may be difficult to come by in light of widespread tendencies to blame the victim for staying with, going back to, or not walking out on an abusive husband or lover. Years of exploration have intercommunicate the question of why abused women stay with abusers. Proposed explanations, none of them entirely satisfactory, have included reference to the victims economic dependency, the victims tendencies to place blame on themselves, not the batterers and a vicious c ircle of abuse leading to lowered egotism on the part of the victim, which in turn leads to greater abuse.But because there is a strong tendency for domestic violence to recur and in some cases to become progressively more severe over time victims must be strongly encouraged to seek professional and or legal assistance at the very first sign that their spouses or lovers are batterers and this is despite any promises, protests, excuses, apologies or vows never to do it again on the part of the batterers. Reference Brown, S. E. (1990). Police responses to wife beating Five years later.Journal of Criminal Justice,18, 459-462. Chan, W. (2001). Women, Murder, and Justice. brand-new York Palgrave. Chesney-Lind, M. (2002). Criminalizing victimization The unintended consequences of pro-arrest polices for girls and women. Criminology & Public Policy, 1, 81- 90. Sherman , L. W. & Burk, R. A. (1984). The particular proposition deterrent effects of arrest for domestic assault. American soc iological Review, 49, 261-272. Sherman, L. W. , Schmidt, J. D. , Rogan, D.P. , Smith, D. A. , Gartin, P. R. , Cohn, E. G. , Collins, D. J. & Bacich, A. R. (1992). The variable effects of arrest on criminal careers The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 83, 170-200. Strauss, M. A. (1992). Explaining family violence. In sum and Family in a Changing Society, 4th. Ed. New York Free Press, 344-356. Walker, L. E. A. (2000). The Battered Women Syndrome, 2nd. Ed. New York Springer

The Shoe Store Incident

This scenario provides a case for gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is ill-gotten under form of address VII (Bennett-Alexander & Hartmilitary personnel, 2007). In addition, in this scenario I get off provide the legal and ethical issues that arise in this case. Furthermore, this paper bothow explain what Bob should do in this scenario. statute title VII IssuesDiscrimination comes in all shapes and sizes, and managers have to be careful not to cross the line and do the wrong thing. Companies do not want lawsuits for discrimination or anything else. The set up best customer, Imelda, probably did not intend to offend anyone nor did she probably crawl in that she was discriminating against anyone. Many times discrimination is not intended. Customers generally entrust they are always right and get what they want.However, in this instance the customer is very wrong. Requesting a female employee over a male employee is a form of discrimination, gender discrimination. Gen der discrimination is illegal under name VII (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). If Bob asks tom turkey to step aside and allow bloody shame to assist Imelda with her corrupts, he give be n violation of Title VII and can be held liable to the employee for gender discrimination. Customer alternative is not a legitimate and protected reason to treat otherwise-qualified employees differently based on gender(Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007, p. 283). Legally and ethically, Manager Bob cannot swap employees Tom and Mary simply because Imelda wants it.Choice Tthe customer is promising to buy five pairs of enclothe if she gets a female employee to help her. This would be a huge purchase for the remembering, great for the profit margin as well as a large commission for the employee. On the other hand, not providing afemale employee may harbinger a missed sale, Imelda may leave the store. Swapping employees would cheat Tom out of his commission. This would be unethical. Tom deserve s his commission he should not be asked or told to give this up.The Shoe store has very clear connection policies. fellowship policy does not allow two employees to split the commission (UOPX, 2013, para. 5). As stated previously, having Tom give up his commission would not be fair. Company policy rotates employees to keep commissions as fair and equal as possible (UOPX, 2013, para. 5).Manager Bob regard to explain to Imelda as tweely and sedately as possible that he is very sorry, but cannot provide her with a female employee. Bob should promise Imelda that Tom is a very nice man and that she will be in very capable custody ensure her that Tom knows shoes and will treat her and her feet right. Bob should grin and guarantee her that she will be happy with the service she receives. Bob should explain for the problem, explain that he contacted his regional manager to see if he could suck in an exception to company policy this time and was told no, and explain that the company risks a discrimination lawsuit. Finally, tell Imelda that he understands if she chooses to shop elsewhere today and vindicate again. Bob should not get into an argument with the customer it is out of the stores control.Conclusion keen the law is important for any manager. When questions arise that cannot be answered easily, ask for help. Title VII does not allow discrimination because of gender, meaning a man cannot be treated differently from a female and visa verse. In this case, all must be treated equally. Company policy will not allow Tom and Mary to split the commission and petition Tom to give up his commission would be illegal. Imelda will need to make her own decision whether to shop at the Shoe Store and allow Tom to assist her or leave for another store or until another day. The company must do what isright and legal. The store must treats its employees properly and do what is legal and ethical. Whereas Imelda may not be happy, the company cannot do anything that may bring a lawsuit against them.

Pangaea: the Ancient Supercontinent

Pangaea The Ancient Supercontinent Throughout Earths history, fragments of continental perkiness have floated across the planets surface, pushed and pulled by plate tectonic motion. At propagation in the geologic past, these fragments (what we may now call continents) came together to carcass one large supercontinent, only to be broken a bea at once again by tectonic forces. The cycle of supercontinent construction and destruction took hundreds of millions of years. The closely recently created supercontinent was Pangaea, which came into being about 300 million years ago.Panthalassa, a giant ocean, surrounded it. In just 100 million years, though, Pangaea began to barge in apart. Tectonic forces created a north-south rift in the super-continent, separating it into two new continents, Laurasia and Gondwanaland. As the new continents separated, the rift filled in with water, eventually becoming the current(prenominal) Atlantic oceanic. Laurasia, composed of the present-day co ntinents of Asia, Europe, and marriage America (Greenland), occupied the Yankee hemisphere.Gondwanaland, composed of the present-day continents of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and South America, occupied the southern hemisphere. The subcontinent of India was also part of Gondwanaland. By 135 million years ago, the breakup of Laurasia and Gondwanaland was underway, leading to the present-day locations of the continents. The forces that formed Pangaea, then broke it apart, are still at work. North America, South America, and Greenland are all moving westward.Australia, India, and the western part of Africa are all moving northward. Europe and Asia are moving eastward. The Atlantic Ocean is becoming larger, and the Pacific Ocean is becoming smaller. Although impossible to know when, at some point in the future, millions of years from now, the continents may well act together to form yet another super-continent. Beginning some 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) infra the surface and e xtending to a depth of 3,960 miles (6,370 kilometers), the very center of the planet, is Earths core.Composed of the metal elements iron out and nickel, the core has a solid inner portion and a fluid outer portion. Scientists estimate that temperatures in the core exceed 9,900F (5,482C), creating extreme point heat energy. Were this energy not released in some manner, Earths interior would melt. go currents, called convection currents, carry the energy to the surface of the planet, where it is released. It is the release of this energy underneath the lithosphere that leads to the formation of the major geologic features on the surface of the planet.

Medieval Universities Essay

The English universities were ace of the most significant creations of Medieval England. The scholars who attended eitherOxford or Cambridge Universities set an expert standard that contrasted markedly with the norm of Medieval England. Oxford University came into being some 20 years before Cambridge University. The church building had a major impact at Oxford. The town came within the diocese of Lincoln, yet Oxford had its own archdeaconry. It was the input of the church that lead to the first recorded student/university authority clash at Oxford. The universities led to major growth in two Oxford and Cambridge as towns and both became important philias. No-one is quite sure why Oxford was chosen as the town for Englands first university however, the town had a number of distinct advantages. Oxford was the centre of communications within its region and both royalty and foreign scholars much visited the town.There were also many religious houses/centres around the town and th e inelegant land was rich and farming did well at this time. Oxford was considered to be in a civilised part of England it was near to London and getting to atomic number 63 was not necessarily a major journey. Oxford also held strategic importance, which led to the building of a castle there. In 1167, a quarrel surrounded by Henry II and Thomas Becket led to a temporary evict on English scholars going to study in France. For whatever reason, scholars and academics collected in Oxford to continue with their work fifty of them. As journeying to the university in Paris was not allowed, more scholars and academics arrived in Oxford. Sometime after 1167 Giraldus Cambrensis visited Oxford and started breeding there. He taught three times a day.He took poor students for lectures he then taught academics from different faculties, and lastly he taught knights and the likes. His clientele became larger than the popular monastic or cathedral school. In 1180, Prior Philip of St. Friesw ade, Oxford, recorded that a scholar had left his family in York to study at Oxford. Within 12 years, the importance of a good education was clearly having an impact. In 1192, Richard of Devizes wrote Oxonia vix suos clericos, non dico satiat, sed sustenat. Richard was essentially stating that there were so many scholars in Oxford that the town could barely draw them. By 1209, it was estimated that there were 3,000 students in Oxford. It was also in 1209 that students in Oxford started to migrate to Cambridge. This occurred after some students killed a woman in Oxford.At this time, business leader John and Pope Innocent III were quarrelling over a red-hot Archbishop of Canterbury. Innocent put England under an interdict. With such worries, John had few thoughts for students in Oxford. He gave his permission for the execution of three students in Oxford involved in the womans death. However, in the delay that took pace, the students fled to Reading, Cambridge of Paris. Others fo llowed to Cambridge and by 1284, Peterhouse College was founded. Unlike the spacious university of its time the university in Paris Oxford was not connected to either a cathedral or a religious house.The Sorbonne was supervised by ecclesiastical men while Oxford was supervised by masters, though these were usually in holy orders. Regardless of this, Oxford developed with a degree of practical independence. By the end of what is considered to be Medieval England, the following colleges had been created at Oxford University College, Balliol, Merton and Exeter. In Cambridge, Peterhouse College was created. educatee life in both towns was to transform Oxford and Cambridge. The lifestyle of the students was to frequently lend both universities into conflict with the church.

Guided Reading

Monsoon seasonal reversing enwrap accompanied by corresponding changes In precipitation. LATA- thousands of clans. Tribes, communities, and sub communities in India. Karma- the parcel or date, following as effect from cause. Polyandry- form of polygamy whereby a charr takes 2 or more husbands at the same time. Mimosa- In Indian regions and Indian philosophy, It connotes freedom from the cycle of death and rebirth. Jansenism- a non-athletes Indian piety that describes a course of instruction of nonviolence towards all living beings. Nirvana- imperturbable lifelessness of mind after the rouses of desire, aversion, and elision have finally extinguished.Theatre-State- political disk operating system directed towards the performance or drama and ritual rather than more conventional ends. Sati- funeral ritual within some Asian communities In which a recently widowed woman Immolated herself, typically on her husbands funeral pyre. Marry empire- geographically extensive Iron Age his torical power in quaint India. Guppy empire- ancient Indian empire. Fauna- ancient kingdom locate in Southern Southeast Asia, centered around the Mekong delta. Standards Augusta (Buddha)- a able on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.Osaka- Indian emperor of the Marry Dynasty. 1) Explain the orally of the Indian class system during the Vivid age. -Warfare between the light skinned Aryans controlled the muddied skinned Dash. It happened 2) List the 4 Noble Truths. -Ducked, origin of ducked, cessation of ducked, path leading to cessation of ducked. 3) Outline the ideal life cycle of a young Hindu man. -Becoming a student, marrying, having a child and acquiring visible wealth, having grandchildren, giving up your home and being a foot habitant and meditating n the meaning of life, and finally waiting for death. ) What was the condition or Indian women during the Guppy empire? What important factors affected those womens lives? -They were married off at a young age (6-7) and were stuck with their husbands until they died. When their husbands died and were cremated, the woman has I Jump into the fire and burn with their husbands. 5) Explain the rise of Hinduism and its effects on the Indian people. -Hinduism created a new caste system. Once in a certain caste, the government agency you lived would depend only on the caste.

“Look, stranger, at this island now” by W.H. Auden Essay

This poem us a tuneful exercise in which the poet reveals his technical skill by using great(p) techniques and figurative language to reinforce his description of a scene. It is one of Audens few poems of natural description, maybe of the coast in the West orbit of England.The start-off stanza requires the stranger someone unfamiliar with the island of kingdom of Britain but perhaps acquainted with the stereotype of it as a dull and gloomy drive to look at, and re-examine his prejudice about, Britain, as it is revealed (discovered) for his enjoyment by the sunlight move and flickering on the waves of the sea. The alliteration and consonance of -l- straitss (dancing, light, delight) and of the alveolar -t- and -d- sounds (light, delight, discovers) in the second derivation, and the variation of considerable vowel sounds in leaping and light, together with the repetition of light, creates a quick dancing effect which mimics the reflection of sunlight off waves.In two more commands the narrator requires the stranger to stand and remain quiet so that he can hear the sound of the sea, varying in volume, perhaps correspond to the fixity required, while the pattern of stresses on wander and river, in the penultima line, and on swaying sound of the sea, in the last line, combined with the sibilance, conveys an intellection of the changing volume of sound coming from the sea, and the continued whispering sound that it makes.The second stanza invites the stranger to wait at the point where a subtile field terminates in a chalk cliff, which drops to a shingle edge below. The waves surge up the beach until they be halted by the cliff. The assonance of the long -au- vowel sound in small and pause in the first line, which concludes with the command to pause, gives the impression of something long ending suddenly, which creates a feeling of doubt and uncertainty as to what comes next and suggests the ending of the land and the beginning of the air. The ve ry(prenominal) assonance in chalk, skirts, falls and tall creates the same smell out of extension but its quick repetition in chalk wall fallsconveys the nonion of a rapid or sheer drop, the alliteration of -f- conveying the notion of air bubbling up in foam.The echoic pluck and knock vividly conveys the dragging and pounding effect of the waves on the shingle and the cliff, the sturdy defiance of the last-named being suggested in the metaphor agree. The metaphor and onomatopoeia in scrambles, with its clutter of consonants, again vividly conveys the quick slue descent of the shingle down the beach, the sibilance re-creating the sound it makes, while the metaphor in sucking, together with the break in the word, gives some idea of the decently pulling action of the ebbing waves. Again, the description of the gull and the placing of lodges at the end of the line creates a sense of suspension which emphasizes the difficulty of maintaining a stay on the wave and hints at the bre vity of the stay.The third stanza takes us merely out to sea and describes the stations which leave the port (diverge), and which seem, because of their diminutive size, as small as seeds. The simile like floating seeds suggests they are mien new life. They are so far away that they do not seem to be controlled by men (voluntary) though they are on errands (which diminishes the importance of their journeys) which are urgent (these words imply that those who send off these vessels have an exaggerated idea of the importance or value of these journeys). The rhymed of diverge and urgent creates a sense of the ploughing movement of the ship as it passes through the water.The last four lines of this stanza return to the start of the poem and suggest that the whole scene may continue to live in the memory of the observer, passing as silently and casually and beautifully as the clouds reflected in the water of the harbour pass, like people strolling at leisure. Here, the alliteration a nd consonance of the soft -m- sounds in memory, mirror and summer, and the half-rhymes of mirror summer and saunter all convey a sense of easy and relaxed ease, appropriate for scenes which are recalled in moments of leisure.The poem, then, invites the stranger to see for himself the beauty of thisisland at this special moment in time. Although it suggests a need to re-examine anile prejudices about the island kingdom, it also functions as a celebration of the senses of sight and hearing which are used in observing the scene and in re-living the experience.It is write in three stanzas of seven lines. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is abcdcbd. The line lengths are varied effectively, to suggest changes in the movement of waves or in the duration of a sound or a feeling. Run-on or end-stopped likes are used effectively to convey similar ideas or impressions.