Kohlbergs Theory Essay

PSYCHOLOGY 112Table of limit* Introduction* Definition of Kohlbergs Theory* Advantage in Kohlbergs Theory* Disadvantage in Kohlbergs Theory* printing* recommendationIntroductionLawrence Kohlbergs formats of righteous developing constitute an adaptation of a psychological hypothesis originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. The possible action holds that chaste reasoning, the root word for ethical behavior, has sixsome identifiable victimisational symbolizes, apiece(prenominal) much adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor. Kohlberg determined that the process of moral organic evolution was principally concerned with goodice, and that it continued throughout the exclusives lifetime, a notion that spawned dialogue on the philosophical implications of such research. For his studies, Kohlberg relied on stories such as the Heinz dilemma, and was interested in how individuals would unspoiltify their actions if placed in similar mor al dilemmas.He then analyzed the form of moral reasoning displayed, rather than its conclusion, and classified it as belonging to one of six distinct stages Kohlbergs six stages dirty dog be more generally hosted into three take aims of two stages each pre- received, conventional and post-conventional. Following Piagets constructivist requirements for a stage moulding, as described in his surmise of cognitive development, it is extremely rare to regress in stagesto lose the use of higher(prenominal) stage abilities. Stages cannot be skipped each provides a new and necessary perspective, more comprehensive and differentiated than its predecessors except integrated with them. Kohlbergs TheoryThe stage of Moral Development/Moral Reasoning1. Pre-conventional take2. stodgy level3. Post-conventional level..Psychologist, studied the reasoning ability & recognizing where a youngster is at shell outing to stages can help identify how child may line up about illness ,moral reasoni ng & cognitive stages of development.LEVEL STAGE/ eld CHARACTERISTICS Pre conventional Stage 1(2 to 3 y/o)Stage 2(4 to 7 y/o) homage and punishment orientation(How can I reduce punishment?) A child distinguish him the right thing because he was told to do so to avoid punishment.Self-interest orientation(Paying for a benefit)Child caries out actions to satisfy his own inescapably rather than the societys.The child does something for another if he gets something in return. Conventional Stage 3(7/10 y/o)Stage 4(10/12 y/o) Interpersonal accord and conformity(The good boy/good girl attitude)A child watchs rules because of a imply to be good person in own eyes & in the eyes of the othersAuthority and social-order maintaining orientation(Law and order morality)A child follows rules of authority figures as easy as parents to keep the system working. Post conventional Stage 5(older than 12y/o)Stage 6(older than 12 y/o) Social contract orientation(Utilitarian Law Making Perspective)A c hild follow standards of society for the good of peopleUniversal ethical principles(Principled conscience)A child follows internalized standards of conduct.Advantages of the Kohlbergs theoryThe ability to empirically test the individual for where they are in their moral development, along with strikeering a basic structure for creating just communities applicable both within and outside student affairs. More all over, Kohlbergs model offers insight as to why an individual may be pursuance out justice based on what stage they are in. 2. Kohlbergs theory essentially provides a roadmap for moral hazarding that otherwise did not exist. 3. It inadvertently offers benchmarks for where one might be in their moral development based on their life situation. 4. Offering a structure for justcommunities. It was Kohlbergs hope that he would employ his theory to create communities that were collaborative, held each other accountable, and had philosophical and educational discussions to furthe r both the individual and the group in their moral development (Kohlberg, 1971, 1972). It offers a venue for individuals to discuss a number of hypothetical or moral dilemmas while simultaneously furthering development through cognitive dissonance.Disadvantages in Kohlbergs theoryGender exits that usurp moral reasoning cultural differences in regards to the Western cultures versus the non-Western cultures the model organism a hard stage model the focus of justice over care and finally the use of hypothetical determination making over real life dilemmas in the judgings. 2. Gender differences in moral reasoning. chant Gilligan (1982/1983) was strongly opposed to Kohlbergs model mainly on the basis of gender. As stated, Kohlberg originally based his theory on a subject of young male individuals excluding women. Gilligan (1982/1983) argued that Kohlbergs theory incorporated a gender bias directly into the theory as well as the assessment tools. Moreover, she argued Kohlberg ignor ed a womens moral orientation to a solution of care. Some studies strike shown that looking at responses to the Rests defining Issues Test (DIT) (Rest, 1986a) and Moral Judgment Inter see to it (MJI) (Colby, et al, 1987), men tend to be more justice oriented and women more care oriented, and especially so when they take on the traditional gender roles (Rest, 1986b Walker, 1984).This is concerning since Kohlbergs theory is authentically justice oriented. It may be more difficult to get an ideal answer about where a woman is in moral development in regards to Kohlbergs stage model than a male. 3. Cultural and Religious. holiness can play a major factor in an individuals personal and moral development. Both Rest (1986) and Dirks (1988) found that a number that religion was a factor in moral decision making. Rest (1986) found that those coming from a liberal perspective tended to stain higher in moral development than others. Dirks (1988) found that those with an evangelical tac tual sensation system are less likely to enter into the post conventional stage. In terms of cultural differences there is likely a difference in moral reasoning in Western cultures versus non Western cultures. The place systemsoften differ vastly and as such may not be able to fit in to one particular stage in Kohlbergs theory. Western cultures tend to be more individualist (Miller & Bersoff, 1992). While this problem may seem minute, the validity of a theory must be tested across gender and culture. In this regard, Kohlbergs theory is not as applicable to other cultures because it is based off a values system that is very much Americanized. Ironically, a theory that seeks to promote universality is not as universal as it should be.OpinionKohlbergs Theory covers the moral development stages of an individual and I pretend this theory is a huge help for a person, especially those who hurl children. Kohlbergs theory may serve as guide on how a parent would treat their childs behavi our. Parents would understand why their child is behaving in such manner and they can make corrective action or decision on how to correct or mitigate unpleasant behaviour. And guide them in developing their sense of morality. And make them an just and morally mature person.By knowing this theory we can in like manner examine ourselves. Reflect and think of situation we encountered in our life and how we reacted to it. By doing so, we will know what level of morality we fit in.I think morality depends on a persons point of view. We can only say its wrong if its against the law but the morality issue of the person really depends on what his conscience tell him.RecommendationLawrence Kohlberg theory of Moral Development gives a detailed account on how a child develops morally. This theory is remarkable because we now have an overview about morality and we now have guidance if we are on the right track or not. We can now assess our level of morality. And we can now choose what leve l we want to be.Report byMr.Dennies Dela CruzMs.Iris Vi P.De JesusBSCMorality is the ability to see an issue from points of view other than just your own. Lawrence Kohlberg