Teaching Students With Multiple Disabilities or Handicaps

Children with multiple disabilities will have a combination of various disabilities that may include issues with: speech, physical mobility, learning, mental retardation, sight, hearing, brain injury, and possibly others. Along with multiple disabilities, they can also exhibit sensory losses as well as behavior and/or social problems. Children with multiple disabilities,  Ã‚  also referred to as multiple exceptionalities, will vary in severity and characteristics. These students may exhibit weakness in auditory processing and have speech limitations. Physical mobility will often be an area of need. These students may have difficulty attaining and remembering skills and/or transferring these skills from one situation to another. Support is usually needed beyond the confines of the classroom. There are often medical implications with some of the more severe multiple disabilities which could include students with cerebral palsy, severe autism, and brain injuries. There are many educational implications for these students. Strategies and Modifications for Multiple Disabilities Early intervention is necessary as soon as the child begins school.Involvement of the appropriate professionals, i.e. occupational therapists, speech/language therapists, physiotherapists, etc.A team approach at the school level involving external agency/community liaison who meet on a regular basis is essentialThe physical arrangement of the classroom will need to best accommodate this child. Consideration of special equipment and assistive technology is essential.Integration among their peers is important to assist these students with social development. Its important to integrate multiple disabled children as much as is possible. Research does indicate that when these students attend their community school and participate in the same activities as their peers, social skills develop and are enhanced. (Sometimes these students are placed full-time in a regular classroom with support, however in the majority of cases these students are placed in a developmental skills type of classro om with some integration.Ensuring that all students demonstrate respect for the multiply disabled student becomes a teachers responsibility and needs to be taken seriously with ongoing activities that develop respect from the other students in the class.An Individual Education Plan will need to be carefully planned out and adjusted on a regular basis and will need to be aligned to the needs of the individual child.Remember, these children are often completely dependent on others for most/all of their daily needs.Assistive technologies may aid this child and the support team will need to decide which assistive technologies will be most appropriate.A safety plan will need to be developed and is often included in the IEP.Care needs to be given in your expectations of this student to ensure the child doesnt become frustrated. Most importantly, these identified children are to be given the same rights as non-identified school age children including screening, evaluation, and an appropriate program/services.​

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night - 1336 Words

At first glance, twins may seem identical, but many would argue that they behave differently with uniquely hardwired brains. In William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, two main characters Viola-Cesario and Sebastian are lost in a shipwreck, but later reunite with each other and along their journey, confuse many other characters while mixing one another up. Viola-Cesario and Sebastian are twins who look very similar in appearance, but nevertheless they are actually two opposite characters with different attitudes and characteristics which shape their unique behavior. For instance, Sebastian and Viola-Cesario behave differently from each other since Sebastian is an aggressive person and Viola-Cesario is a peaceful person. However, considering†¦show more content†¦I am one that had rather go with sir priest than sir knight. I care not who knows so much of my mettle.† (3.4. 248-50). Viola-Cesario demonstrates that she is a compassionate person because she tries to rect ify the situation peacefully rather than with violence. The fact that Viola-Cesario is actually a girl who is in disguise as a man and is surrendering from a duel in unusual in the play. This is because men are generally known to be aggressive and fearless to relinquish from a duel, but Viola-Cesario portrays an exceptional amount of courage to stand up for herself instead of fighting. Also, in Act 5, Scene 1, Sebastian attacks Sir Andrew and Sir Toby aggressively. They believe Sebastian to be Viola-Cesario as they think that he is peaceful and unwilling to fight, but they are unfortunately wrong: â€Å"The Count’s gentleman, one Cesario. We took him for a coward, but he’s the very devil incardinate.† (5.1. 174-750). Sebastian portrays that he is an aggressive person because he fiercely attacks Sir Andrew and Sir Toby like the devil and leaves them in critical condition. Sir Andrew says that Sebastian is the â€Å"very devil incardinate† because he attac ks them without mercy which resembles the appearance of the devil. Viola-Cesario and Sebastian’s actions show the reader that one persona is nonviolent while other is ruthless,

Watt Surname Meaning and Origin

The Watt  surname derives from early forms of the personal name Walter. The popular Middle English given names Wat and Watt were pet forms of the name Walter, meaning powerful ruler or ruler of the army, from the elements wald, meaning rule, and heri, meaning army. Watt is the 80th most common surname in Scotland. Surname Origin:  Scottish,  English Alternate Surname Spellings: WATTS,  WATTE,  WATTIS, WATS  See also WATSON. Where Do People with the Watt Surname Live According to WorldNames PublicProfiler, the last name Watts is most common in Wales, especially Pembrokeshire, as well as Somerset, Gloucester, and Northampton counties in England. The Watt spelling (without the s) is much more common in Scotland, as well as County Tyrone in Northern Ireland. Both names are also popular in Australia and New Zealand. Interestingly, the Watt spelling is more common in the Canada, while Watts is found more frequently in the United States. Surname distribution data from Forebears also puts Watt as most frequently found in Scotland. In 1881 the name was most commonly found in Banffshire where it ranked 5th, as well as East Lothian (#11), Aberdeenshire (#20) and  Kincardineshire (#21). In contrast, the Watts surname is more common in Wales (#128), England (#139), Australia (#151), New Zealand (#252) and the United States (#323) than it is in Scotland, where it ranks 692nd most common. Famous People with the Watt Surname James Watt - Inventor of the modern steam engine- NFL football playerAndrà © Watts - German pianistCharlie Watts - English drummer, best known for being part of the  famed rock n roll group The Rolling StonesReggie Watts - German-born musical comedianIsaac Watts -  English Christian minister, hymn writer and theologian; author of the Christmas hymn Joy to the World Genealogy Resources for the Surname Watt 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Watt/Watts/Watson Family Reconstruction ProjectOver 150 group members belong to this Y-DNA surname project, working together to combine DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to sort out Watt, Watts and Watson ancestral lines. Watt Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Watt family crest or coat of arms for the Watson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   WATT Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Watt surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Watt query. FamilySearch - WATT GenealogyAccess over 8 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Watt surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WATT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Watt surname. You can also browse or search the list archives to explore previous postings for the Watt surname. DistantCousin.com - WATT Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Watt. The Watt Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Watt from the website of Genealogy Today.----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993. Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

My Personal Philosophy Of Education - 1522 Words

My philosophy of education is that every student gets an equal opportunity to learn in a safe, comfortable and fostering environment. As I reflect on my teaching and learning principles, I realize that my mission as a teacher is based on the following thoughts: to enhance positive learning, provide equal opportunity to learning to assist closing the education gap and to use evidence based teaching strategies to present concepts in various modalities. One of the most important challenging elements to enhance positive learning is to make a difference in the lives of students who might have had a bad learning experience. I hope to expose them to new learning skills that will positively change their minds and re-direct them to enjoy learning†¦show more content†¦As an educator I believe that each student should not be deprived from learning. I believe that each child should be treated and have the opportunity to learn equally. One of Plato’s philosophies is that in order for social justice to play out, all social classes need to be in a positive relationship. He also states that all people can be in positive relationships when society gives them equal educational opportunities from a young age and the opportunity to go against each other fairly. Without an equal education there will be situations that are unjust due to the unequal education students have received (Lee, Myungjoon). As a future teacher, I am willing t o learn and adapt to different teaching styles according to the environment where I would be teaching and the concepts presented. I want to be the teacher that provides and fulfills students even when the school may lack the funds to do so. My goal is to close the education gap that hinders students’ learning opportunities. For instance, I will take into consideration the student s’ identity and cultural background by taking the time or opportunity to interact with my students, and ask parents questions about their child’s best learning manners. Also, I will ask for parent volunteers and will give the parents the opportunity to feel and have a say in their children’s education. Gutmann explains, â€Å"The state of families, which places educational authority exclusively in the hands of parents, therebyShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Education997 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education Discovering the place where personal values and expertise meet organizational values and needs offers a dynamic partnership opportunity. Mutual achievement of organizational academic quality and professional fulfillment provides a positive learning environment. Developing a personal philosophy of education enables an educator to understand and communicate the underlying basis for his or her approach to education. Sharing this philosophy provides valuable information forRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy of Education958 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Education It is customary that on New Year’s Eve, we make New Year resolution. The fact is that we are making a set of guideline that we want to live by. These are motives that we seek to achieve. In a similar way, teachers live by philosophy. This essay focuses on my personal philosophy of education. It unfolds the function of philosophy in a teacher’s life, my view on the purpose of education, the student teacher- relationship and the philosophy which influences myRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1443 Words   |  6 PagesThese beliefs of education are known as the philosophy of education. The philosophy of education is defined as the influences of what is taught and how the students will be taught. Throughout my study in my education class and past experiences, my mind was expanded and I acquired sufficient knowledge to develop my own concept of my personal philosophy of education. First, I will clarify the reasons why I choose the profession of being an educator. The first reason has been my parents influenceRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching style in the â€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education966 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Philosophy of Education Allyson C. Taylor EDUC 542 Dr. M. Derrick Regent University The definition of curriculum can be as mysterious as the curriculum itself. Oliva (2013) described the hunt for the curriculum as being similar to â€Å"efforts to track down Bigfoot, the Bear Lake Monster, [and] the Florida Everglades Skunk Ape †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 2). All of these elusive beings have left tracks, yet there isn’t a single photograph to prove their existence—just likeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education873 Words   |  4 Pagesis a meaningful education? Throughout time many philosopher and educators have pondered on this question, leading to the development of theories and concepts that are present in the classroom today. In my personal experience, an educator philosophy is built over a course of time which is based on their knowledge and experience. An educator belief system is like a river, it changes and matures throughout its course, bending and changing as it progresses. Throughout the course of my educational careerRead MoreMy Personal P hilosophy Of Education878 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Education After taking the Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment test, I was able to figure out my referencing scores for my ideal logical instructional principles believed rational of the classification of educational archetypes. The areas of greatest influence in my philosophy of education included Humanism with a total of 21 points, Perennialism and Existentialism with 18 total points in those areas. Essentialism was second with 16 points and Reconstructionism recordRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My personal philosophy of education relies on the fundamental belief that every individual has inherent value, therefore designating education as an environment where students may grow in their self-worth through academic and relational support. Thus, the purpose of education is to provide individuals with the opportunity to learn about both content and about self, growing in their identity. Within this personal philosophy of education, I will further detail the aim of education, the roleRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education978 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is undoubtedly the most important aspect of a person’s life. It is education that shapes our prospective and creates independent thinkers. It is the foundation of an individual’s future. It is education that pushes us forward in the direction of self-expression because we are equipped with basic skills and the knowledge of how to think for ourselves. Above all, we are our interests; everything we accomplishe d is the result of our passion. My goal is to be the driving force that helps my

Human Resource Management. Motivation. Maslow. Free Essays

string(67) " example you can recognise staff from Tesco by their work apparel\." Motivation- Having the will or desire to go ahead and do something or to work that little bit harder. Why we need motivation? Motivation may come from a person’s own interest such as their safety or other things not so personal like praise or reward. Different theorists have proposed that there are many different ways to motivate people. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Management. Motivation. Maslow. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pay is considered a main type of motivation in a work environment and outside a work environment. Pay however is not the only way of motivation. There are other ways that people may be motivated and things that will keep them motivated. These types of things are appreciation of work, opportunity to advance, responsibility and empowerment, a sense of achievement and the sense of challenge and enjoyment. A motivated workforce will work harder and together achieve more resulting in the whole workforce having a greater output in much less time, resulting in lower labour costs. It also doesn’t need much supervision. An unmotivated workforce will do the opposite. This work affects the amount of work and its quality. How to motivate is a difficult topic with everyone looking for something in a job sometimes not just pay. So a number of theorists have researched how this should be done. Frederic Taylor motivation in the late 1800s at the Bethlehem steel company in the USA. He believed that employees could be working more efficiently using their shovels. He figured out that 21. 5 pounds of weight was the best weight of material for an employee to lift in order to work at their full potential creating the best output. He recommended that they use shovels that could lift that amount. So Rewards that would be part of Taylor’s theory are things such as: * Pay :-For many employees the reason they go to work is for pay. They need money for bills and other expenses involved in everyday life. Some organisations will use pay as a reward for employees. They may be given additional pay in the form of a one off bonus or by giving employees a pay rise. However pay not be the key motivator to employees and some employees will work for low pay but may have job satisfaction. Tesco uses this form of reward to all employees. * Performance related pay :- This is a way for employees to be rewarded dependent on their performance in the last three, six, or twelve months. Lots of types of businesses use this type of reward and so will Tesco to its higher job roles such as management and so on. It is very common for manufacturing and sales jobs where the more products or sales the employees make the more they are paid. Area managers at Tesco will be paid more if their area is performing faster and of a higher standard. Profit sharing :- Profit sharing is when a business gives its employees a share of the businesses profits depending on how well the business is doing. Shares are divided between employees depending on how many years the employee has worked at the organisation and their level in the organisation. If the business is doing well the employees will see great benefits but if the business isn’t doing too well the payment will be small. Tesco will once again offer this to much higher staff such as managers and directors. * Employee Share options – Share options, like profit sharing are a way to reward employees based on a company’s performance. Share options can be given to employees free shares that they can sell after a set period of time or as an option to buy shares at a lower fixed rate than what the general public would pay. It can be quite difficult for employees to see how their individual commitment will affect the overall running and company performance. * Staff discounts :-Businesses such as Tesco and other businesses in this type of sector may offer discounts on products to their staff. Elton Mayo. In the 1920s and 30’s a theorist by the name of Elton Mayo set out about perfecting the ideas of Taylor and explored them in further depth he realised there was more to employee motivation than just pay. He created a study known as the Hawthorne Study, he carried out some experiments in the USA, Chicago to investigate motivation further. His study discovered a number of factors by testing incentive schemes, rest periods, hours of work, and changes in lighting and heating. Mayo’s whole study uncovered that rises in productivity were not only due to financial rewards, but also due to management involvement, team working and communication. So Rewards that would be part of Mayo’s theory are things such as: * Company Vehicles :- Company vehicles may be given to employees as a reward. They can use these vehicles in both their working and their personal lives and do not need their own vehicles for evenings and weekends. This kind of benefit like bonuses is taxed. Higher employees in Tesco may receive a company car this is good for both employee and employer, because the employee feels a sense of belonging and the employer will usual have free advertisement because the company car will have the logo of the organisation just like Tesco’s does. Childcare :- childcare is another reward that employers may offer to their staff. The childcare may be within the building with something like a nursery or creche, whilst other employees may pay toward the fees of a private or council nursery. For older children after school activities or holiday clubs may be paid for or subsided Tesco offers childcare schemes to most Tes co staff. * Corporate clothing :- Corporate clothing may be a uniform that an employee wears during their working hours as part of their job. Employers might also offer their staff a discount on clothing they can buy from the business. Some organisations use staff as Part of their identity, for example you can recognise staff from Tesco by their work apparel. You read "Human Resource Management. Motivation. Maslow." in category "Papers" * Flexible working :- Organisations like Tesco can offer employees special working hours which can be more motivating for staff helping them balance their working lives and their personal life. Work –Life balance can be very important to employees, especially if they have people to take care of or other personnel commitments. Flexible working hours usually makes employees feel more valued and less stressed. * Leave – offering yearly paid leave to employees is another form of a reward that is offered by Tesco. As of the 1st of April 2009 every full time employee is entitled to 5. 6 weeks paid leave per year as part of the working time regulation. * Cafeteria incentive schemes :- The name is a reference to the way you can pick what you want from a selection of different rewards and benefits and chose the ones they want. Making these rewards more personnel and motivating. The employer therefore, avoids spending money on rewards that are not wanted or needed. A sample of the type of benefits offered is things such as: Holidays * Company car * Bicycle loan * Insurance, e. g. medical cover * Loans * Childcare * Health screening * Season tickets for sporting events * Computers * Discounts * Pensions. Abraham Maslow suggested needs of individuals can be ranked into a hierarchy. The lowest ranking needs are basic needs and they must be fulfilled before any other needs can be fulfilled So Rewards that would be part of Maslow’s theory are things such as: * Pension schemes :- Some organisations like Tesco offer pension schemes such as rewards to employees these are usually one of two types. Contributory and non contributory. A contributory pension scheme is one that both the employee and employer put into, whilst a non-contributory pension scheme is one where only the employer puts money in to. Tesco employees all have the option of opening a contributory pension scheme they can open but also have the choice not to have one. * Health care :- many employers offer free or subsided health care to their employees and often their families as well. This means that if they are ill they can claim from organisations such as BUPA to have treatment privately. Health care may be given in the form of discount vouchers for treatments such as massages or beauty therapy. * Extended parental leave :- Extended parental leave is the amount of leave that can be taken by employees to look after their children in addition to what they are entitled to by law so tesco must offer leave however they also offer extended parental leave to higher management or skilled staff. – the work and families act 2006 ensures that all parents can take a certain number of weeks off work however it is not paid and neither is extended parental leave. But some employees may choose to pay full wage or half wage to employees who are taken leave and the organisation must keep their job position open for them until they return. * Career Breaks :-Employees are not entitled to a career break and they are also unpaid. They cannot also be guaranteed that once they return they will be placed in the exact same Job. Some organisations such as Tesco can offer these types of breaks because they may also bring benefits to the organisation. Key staffs are not lost, employees may return to work refreshed and happier and therefore more motivated also the organisation is seen to be caring for the well being of their employees. It is more common for employees over the age of 35 to take a career break rather than younger employees. * Salary Sacrifice schemes :- These schemes enable employees to give up some of their gross salary to receive a form of a reward or benefit instead. The advantage of using this scheme is that the employee or employer will not have to pay as much tax or national insurance. Tesco can offer salary sacrifice schemes to all levels of employees for example the options for floor staff to have a pension scheme or not. Frederick Herzberg Frederick Herzberg had close links with Maslow and believed in a two factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would motivate employees to work harder, these are called motivators. But on the other hand there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee these are called hygiene factors So Rewards that would be part of Herzberg’s theory are things such as: * Bonuses -Bonuses can be a god way of rewarding employees with extra money. When they are paid a bonus this doesn’t have to be done every year. They are a reward that many employees like to receive however bonuses like pay do require tax and national insurance to be paid. Other forms of rewards that tesco do not offer but could are things such as * School Fees :- some employers will offer to cover or contribute to school fees as areward to the employee. This happens especially if the employee teaches or works for the school that their child attends. If an employer had a number of employees that’s children went to a particular school the employee may be able to gain a discount. Loans/ advances :-sometimes employees may have large expenses they have to pay for in their personal life so employers may offer part of their future wages (an advance) to be paid in to their account. Employers may also offer loans, often with a special low rate interest. * Mortgage subsides :- mortgage subsides are payments that are given to employees to pay toward their mortgages. This reward scheme is usually used in areas where the housing is very expensive. Some organisations such as banks offer mortgage subsiders as part of their employee’s benefits. * Relocation Fees :- A relocation fee is the money that is paid to relocate an employee as part of their new or current job. There is no automatic right to receive relocation fees and some organisations will willingly pay for all expenses. This option will be placed on the type of position that the employee has in the organisation and how long they have worked for the organisation. How to cite Human Resource Management. Motivation. Maslow., Papers

Plot Overview Essay Example For Students

Plot Overview Essay In the late winter months of 1801, a man named Lockwood rents a manor housecalled Thrushcross Grange in the isolated moor country of England. Here, hemeets his dour landlord, Heathcliff, a wealthy man who lives in the ancientmanor of Wuthering Heights, four miles away from the Grange. In this wild,stormy countryside, Lockwood asks his housekeeper, Nelly Dean, to tell himthe story of Heathcliff and the strange denizens of Wuthering Heights. Nelly consents, and Lockwood writes down his recollections of her tale inhis diary; these written recollections form the main part of WutheringHeights. Nelly remembers her childhood. As a young girl, she works as a servant atWuthering Heights for the owner of the manor, Mr. Earnshaw, and his family. One day, Mr. Earnshaw goes to Liverpool and returns home with an orphan boywhom he will raise with his own children. At first, the Earnshaw children-aboy named Hindley and his younger sister Catherine-detest the dark-skinnedHeathcliff. But Catherine quickly comes to love him, and the two soon growinseparable, spending their days playing on the moors. After his wifesdeath, Mr. Earnshaw grows to prefer Heathcliff to his own son, and whenHindley continues his cruelty to Heathcliff, Mr. Earnshaw sends Hindleyaway to college, keeping Heathcliff nearby. Three years later, Mr. Earnshaw dies, and Hindley inherits WutheringHeights. He returns with a wife, Frances, and immediately seeks revenge onHeathcliff. Once an orphan, later a pampered and favored son, Heathcliffnow finds himself treated as a common laborer, forced to work in thefields. Heathcliff continues his close relationship with Catherine,however. One night they wander to Thrushcross Grange, hoping to tease Edgarand Isabella Linton, the cowardly, snobbish children who live there. Catherine is bitten by a dog and is forced to stay at the Grange torecuperate for five weeks, during which time Mrs. Linton works to make hera proper young lady. By the time Catherine returns, she has becomeinfatuated with Edgar, and her relationship with Heathcliff grows morecomplicated. When Frances dies after giving birth to a baby boy named Hareton, Hindleydescends into the depths of alcoholism, and behaves even more cruelly andabusively toward Heathcliff. Eventually, Catherines desire for socialadvancement prompts her to become engaged to Edgar Linton, despite heroverpowering love for Heathcliff. Heathcliff runs away from WutheringHeights, staying away for three years, and returning shortly afterCatherine and Edgars marriage. When Heathcliff returns, he immediately sets about seeking revenge on allwho have wronged him. Having come into a vast and mysterious wealth, hedeviously lends money to the drunken Hindley, knowing that Hindley willincrease his debts and fall into deeper despondency. When Hindley dies,Heathcliff inherits the manor. He also places himself in line to inheritThrushcross Grange by marrying Isabella Linton, whom he treats verycruelly. Catherine becomes ill, gives birth to a daughter, and dies. Heathcliff begs her spirit to remain on Earth-she may take whatever formshe will, she may haunt him, drive him mad-just as long as she does notleave him alone. Shortly thereafter, Isabella flees to London and givesbirth to Heathcliffs son, named Linton after her family. She keeps the boywith her there. Thirteen years pass, during which Nelly Dean serves as Catherinesdaughters nursemaid at Thrushcross Grange. Young Catherine is beautifuland headstrong like her mother, but her temperament is modified by herfathers gentler influence. Young Catherine grows up at the Grange with noknowledge of Wuthering Heights; one day, however, wandering through themoors, she discovers the manor, meets Hareton, and plays together with him. Soon afterwards, Isabella dies, and Linton comes to live with Heathcliff. Heathcliff treats his sickly, whining son even more cruelly than he treatedthe boys mother. Three years later, Catherine meets Heathcliff on the moors, and makes avisit to Wuthering Heights to meet Linton. She and Linton begin a secretromance conducted entirely through letters. When Nelly destroys Catherinescollection of letters, the girl begins sneaking out at night to spend timewith her frail young lover, who asks her to come back and nurse him back tohealth. However, it quickly becomes apparent that Linton is pursuingCatherine only because Heathcliff is forcing him to; Heathcliff hopes thatif Catherine marries Linton, his legal claim upon Thrushcross Grange-andhis revenge upon Edgar Linton-will be complete. One day, as Edgar Lintongrows ill and nears death, Heathcliff lures Nelly and Catherine back toWuthering Heights, and holds them prisoner until Catherine marries Linton. Soon after the marriage, Edgar dies, and his death is quickly followed bythe death of the sickly Linton. Heathcliff now controls both WutheringHeights and Thrushcross Grange. He forces Catherine to live at WutheringHeights and act as a common servant, while he rents Thrushcross Grange toLockwood. Nellys story ends as she reaches the present. Lockwood, appalled, ends histenancy at Thrushcross Grange and returns to London. However, six monthslater, he pays a visit to Nelly, and learns of further developments in thestory. Although Catherine originally mocked Haretons ignorance andilliteracy (in an act of retribution, Heathcliff ended Haretons educationafter Hindley died), Catherine grows to love Hareton as they live togetherat Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff becomes more and more obsessed with thememory of the elder Catherine, to the extent that he begins speaking to herghost. Everything he sees reminds him of her. Shortly after a night spentwalking on the moors, Heathcliff dies. Hareton and young Catherine inheritWuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, and they plan to be married onthe next New Years Day. After hearing the end of the story, Lockwood goesto visit the graves of Catherine and Heathcliff. ChronologyThe story of Wuthering Heights is told through flashbacks recorded in diaryentries, and events are often presented out of chronological order-Lockwoods narrative takes place after Nellys narrative, for instance, butis interspersed with Nellys story in his journal. Nevertheless, the novelcontains enough clues to enable an approximate reconstruction of itschronology, which was elaborately designed by Emily Bront. For instance,Lockwoods diary entries are recorded in the late months of 1801 and inSeptember 1802; in 1801, Nelly tells Lockwood that she has lived atThrushcross Grange for eighteen years, since Catherines marriage to Edgar,which must then have occurred in 1783. We know that Catherine was engagedto Edgar for three years, and that Nelly was twenty-two when they wereengaged, so the engagement must have taken place in 1780, and Nelly musthave been born in 1758. Since Nelly is a few years older than Catherine,and since Lockwood comments that Heathcliff is about forty yea rs old in1801, it stands to reason that Heathcliff and Catherine were born around1761, three years after Nelly. There are several other clues like this inthe novel (such as Haretons birth, which occurs in June, 1778). Thefollowing chronology is based on those clues, and should closelyapproximate the timing of the novels important events. A ~ before a dateindicates that it cannot be precisely determined from the evidence in thenovel, but only closely estimated. The Art Of Procrastination EssayIn this passage, one also can see an active example of Wuthering Heightssambiguous genre. The work is often compared to the Gothic novels popular inthe late eighteenth century, which dealt in ghosts and gloom, demonicheroes with dark glints in their eyes, and so on. But Bront wrote her bookin the 1840s, when the fashion for the Gothic novel was past and that genrewas quickly being replaced as the dominant form by the socially consciousrealistic novel, as represented by the work of Dickens and Thackeray. Wuthering Heights often seems to straddle the two genres, containing manyGothic elements but also obeying most of the conventions of Victorianrealism. The question of genre comes to a head in the appearances of ghostsin the novel. Readers cannot be sure whether they are meant to understandthe ghosts as nightmares, to explain them in terms of the psychology of thecharacters who claim to see them, or to take them, as in a Gothic novel, asno less substantial than the other characters. Bront establishes thisambiguity carefully. The spectres here are introduced within a simile,and in a context that would support their interpretation as a nightmare. Similarly subtle ambiguities lace Lockwoods account, a few pages later, ofhis encounter with the ghost of Catherine. 3. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know howI love him; and that, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because hesmore myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are thesame, and Edgars is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frostfrom fire. ExplanationCatherines speech to Nelly about her acceptance of Edgars proposal, inChapter IX, forms the turning-point of the plot. It is at this point thatHeathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights, after he has overheard Catherine saythat it would degrade her to marry him. Although the action of WutheringHeights takes place so far from the bustle of society, where most ofBronts contemporaries set their scenes, social ambition motivates many ofthe actions of these characters, however isolated among the moors. Catherines decision to marry Edgar Linton out of a desire to be thegreatest woman of the neighbourhood exemplifies the effect of socialconsiderations on the characters actions. In Catherines paradoxical statement that Heathcliff is more myself than Iam, readers can see how the relation between Catherine and Heathcliffoften transcends a dynamic of desire and becomes one of unity. Heterosexuallove is often, in literature, described in terms of complementary opposites-like moonbeam and lightning, or frost and fire-but the love betweenCatherine and Heathcliff opposes this convention. Catherine says not, Ilove Heathcliff, but, I am Heathcliff. In following the relationshipthrough to its painful end, the novel ultimately may attest to thedestructiveness of a love that denies difference. 4. . . . I got the sexton, who was digging Lintons grave, to remove theearth off her coffin lid, and I opened it. I thought, once, I would havestayed there, when I saw her face again-it is hers yet-he had hard work tostir me; but he said it would change, if the air blew on it, and so Istruck one side of the coffin loose, and covered it up-not Lintons side,damn him! I wish hed been soldered in lead-and I bribed the sexton to pullit away, when Im laid there, and slide mine out too. Ill have it made so,and then, by the time Linton gets to us, hell not know which is which!You were very wicked, Mr. Heathcliff! I exclaimed; were you not ashamedto disturb the dead?ExplanationWhen Heathcliff narrates this ghoulish scene to Nelly in Chapter XXIX, thebook enters into one of its most Gothic moments. Heathcliff, trying torecapture Catherine herself, constantly comes upon mere reminders of her. However, far from satisfying him, these reminders only lead him to furtherattempts. Heathcliffs desire to rejoin Catherine might indeed explain themajority of Heathcliffs actions, from his acquisition of ThrushcrossGrange and Wuthering Heights, to his seizure of power over everyoneassociated with Catherine. He tries to break through what reminds him of his beloved to his belovedherself by destroying the reminder, the intermediary. Readers can see, inthe language he uses here, this difference between the objects that referto Catherine and Catherine herself. When he opens her coffin, he does notsay that he sees her again. Instead, he says, I saw her face again,showing that her corpse, like her daughter or her portrait, is a thing shepossessed, a thing that refers to her, but not the woman herself. It seemsthat, in this extreme scene, he realizes at last that he will never getthrough to her real presence by acquiring and ruining the people andpossessions associated with her. This understanding brings Heathcliff a newtranquility, and from this point on he begins to lose interest indestruction. 5. That, however, which you may suppose the most potent to arrest myimagination, is actually the least, for what is not connected with her tome? and what does not recall her? I cannot look down to this floor, but herfeatures are shaped on the flags! In every cloud, in every tree-filling theair at night, and caught by glimpses in every object by day, I amsurrounded with her image! The most ordinary faces of men and women-my ownfeatures-mock me with a resemblance. The entire world is a dreadfulcollection of memoranda that she did exist, and that I have lost her!ExplanationIn this passage from Chapter XXXIII, Heathcliff confesses to Nelly hisinner state. What Nelly calls Heathcliffs monomania on the subject of hisdeparted idol has now reached its final stage of development. In thepassage in which Heathcliff describes his excavation of Catherines grave,the reader gains insight into Heathcliffs frustration regarding the doublenature of all of Catherines memoranda. While Catherines corpse recallsher presence, it fails to substitute fully for it, and thus recalls herabsence. Heathcliffs perception of this doubling comes through in hislanguage. The many signs of Catherine show that she did exist but that Ihave lost her. In the end, because his whole being is bound up withCatherine, Heathcliffs total set of perceptions of the world is permeatedby her presence. Consequently, he finds signs of Catherine in the entireworld, and not just in localized figures such as her daughter or aportrait of Catherine.

Accounting and Finance for Managers

Questions: 1. Explain the different forms of business units(sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company) available, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each.2. Explain financial accounting and management accounting, highlighting the differences between the two strands of accounting.3. Assuming that you have not been given any information about the inheritance of the brothers. Explain the sources of finance available to a business owner, looking at Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term sources of finance giving examples of each. Answers: Introduction In starting up a business, there are various important decisions that are required to be undertaken. The most important decision is mainly with respect to the selection of appropriate business units. The type of business unit that must be considered in starting a business is crucial and there could be the selection of different important formats that could be possible such as sole proprietorship, partnership and limited company. Apart from the selection of sources of financing, it is also essential that appropriate decisions should be made with respect to the sources of financing that are available to the business. In starting a business, it is essential that appropriate financing sources should be selected so that the business operations can be managed in a highly efficient manner. This report is therefore aimed at analysing the different form of business units that are available to the two brothers that have considered for setting up a business. The analysis will focus on providing an in-depth analysis on the differences between financial accounting and management accounting so that the two brothers could understand its importance and apply them efficiently in managing organisations operations. Finally, the report will include an analysis of different important sources of financing that these two brothers would consider in performing the management of their business operations (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2013). 1. Different forms of Business Units and their Benefits and Limitations There are different forms of business formats that are available to a business to consider. However different business formats are applicable in different situations depending on the nature of the business. There are mostly three different forms of business units that are available to an organisation to consider. These are mainly categorised as sole proprietorship, partnership and limited company. The role and importance of these different forms of business unit is crucial and it is therefore essential that a proper understanding of all such business formats including their advantages and limitations is essential. An analysis of all these important business formats including the analysis of their advantages and limitations is performed as follows: Sole Proprietorship: Sole proprietorship is an important business format which mainly implies the conduct of the business activities by a single owner of the firm. The sole proprietor is the single owner of a firm and he/she is responsible for the overall management of the organisation. As a result, the introduction of capital is also performed by the sole proprietor and he/she is responsible for the entire profit and loss from the firm. In simple words, the entire management of the firm is carried out by the sole proprietor and the responsibility for the results as achieved is therefore with the owner of the firm i.e. sole proprietor. There are certain important advantages associated with sole proprietorship. As for instance, the main advantage with the sole proprietor is that the sole proprietor is responsible for the entire management of the business. As a result, the entire control is mainly with respect to the sole proprietor. The sole proprietor can take decisions without any b urden, and there is no one to stop him/her from doing so. The disadvantage with sole proprietor is that the entire loss has to be borne by the sole proprietor himself, and there is no any division of risk (Brigham and Daves, 2015). Partnership: Partnership is another important form of business unit that could be utilised for the purpose of starting a business unit. In respect to partnership form of business, there are two or more than two partners that are responsible for the management of the entire business. Partnership business unit can be followed when there are two owners ready to perform the management of a business, and in this business form, the partners are responsible for the entire management of the business. However the share as contributed by each partner mainly determines their stake in the partnership firm and their share in the profits. Since there are two or more persons responsible for the management of the entire business, it provides flexibility in performing the management of the entire business. As a result, the main advantage associated with partnership is that it provides good flexibility in taking important decisions and the involvement of two or more persons allows for better ability i n taking important decisions. However, the disadvantage associated with partnership is that it leads to dilution of control, and secondly, the profits of the firm need to be shared. The individual partner cannot take decisions freely which they could undertake in respect to sole proprietorship firm (Longenecker, Petty, Palich and Hoy, 2011). Limited Company: Limited company is also an important form of business unit that could be considered by businesses in setting up their business. A limited company can be defined as a company whereby the liability of member is limited to the extent of investment as made by them in the company. The limited companies can be limited by shares or limited by guarantees. The companies limited by shares can further be divided into public companies and private companies. The limited companies are available all across the world and this is an important form of business unit that could be utilised by businesses in starting up their ventures. An analysis of the advantages of limited company indicates that this business format has the advantages such as the liability of the company is limited, but it is only to the extent of the investment as made by each individual contributor on the company. Another major advantage is that it is limited company has separate legal entity from its owners. This fo rmat of the business has advantage in the form of tax saving advantage, as it offers opportunities to save taxes over the profit. However, in respect to the disadvantage is concerned, this format of business unit can be considered as highly complex and there is limitation in respect to limited company which is in the form of restriction over the raising of capital. There has also been the dilution of power in respect to such limited company which can be regarded as another major limitation (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2011). On the basis of analysis of different business format and their advantages and disadvantages, the business format that is recommended to the two brothers is partnership form of business unit. 2. Financial Accounting and Management Accounting Financial accounting and management accounting are the important types of accounting and their knowledge is crucial in performing the efficient management of the business. An analysis of the concept of financial accounting and management accounting is that financial accounting is concerned with providing information to different stakeholders of the business such as creditors, shareholders, investors, and others. Financial accounting is concerned with assessing the overall performance of the business whereby the focus has been towards recording and measuring the financial performance of the business. It involves recording the business transactions, preparing financial statements so that the stakeholders of the company are informed about the entire performance of the business (Besley and Brigham, 2011). Contrary to the concept of financial accounting, the concept of managerial accounting is also an important concept and it is concerned with providing information regarding the organisations performance to the internal managers within organisation. Management accounting provides relevant information to the managers inside the organisation so that relevant decisions can be taken by them in leading the organisation to higher success levels. Management accounting is therefore the field of accounting that is concerned with analysing and providing information to the internal management with the main purpose of allowing them in planning, controlling and decision making process. In simple words, management accounting can therefore be defined as the identification, measurement, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information so that management can make use of such information in taking relevant decisions (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2012). An analysis of the differences between financial accounting and management accounting indicates that financial accounting is concerned with providing information about the organisations performance to the external stakeholders of the organisation whereas management accounting is concerned with providing information to the internal managers of the organisation. The objective of financial accounting is mainly to present the end results of a business such as its profitability or the financial position as at a particular date whereas the management accounting has the objective of providing information with a view to plan and set goals of the organisation. Further, there is no such legal requirement in respect to managerial accounting whereas in respect to financial accounting, it is legally required to disclose the financial performance of the organisation. These are the basic differences in respect to managerial accounting and financial accounting (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2013). 3. Sources of Financing Businesses require adequate level of financing from different sources in meeting out their short term, medium term and long term need. The different financing sources along with their examples are analysed as follows: Long Term Financing Sources: Businesses need funds for long term purposes, and the important sources available to them can be classified as equity capital, debt and retained earnings. Equity is mainly the funding raised by way of inviting public to subscribe to the shares of the company and become its owners. Debt financing is mainly a kind of borrowing which could be done by businesses in the form of loans from bank or it could also be in the form of private lenders. Retained earning is known as the earnings of the firm that has been retained in the business, and it could be utilised in meeting out the long term business requirements for funding. These are the important financing sources in meeting out the business requirements for long term needs (Needles and Crosson, 2013). Medium Term Financing Sources: Apart from the long term financing sources, there is medium term financing sources that could also be utilised. The medium term financing sources as available to businesses are classified as term loans and leasing. Term loans are taken usually for period ranging from 2 to 5 years, and this medium term financing source is quite crucial in allowing organisation to meet out their business requirements efficiently. Apart from this, leasing is another important medium term financing source that could be utilised by businesses, and in this mode, the financier would purchase the equipment and it would then be leased for regular payments (Needles and Powers, 2013). Short Term Sources: There is funding needed by businesses in meeting out their daily business requirements, and this can be appropriately addressed through the application of short term financing sources. The important short term financing sources available to businesses include bank overdraft, trade credit etc. Bank overdraft is mainly the raising of funds from banks for the short term purpose whereby the business agrees to pay interest to the bank for the purchases. Apart from this, trade credit is the daily credit obtained from debtors whereby the funds from the credit purchases are being utilised in meeting out the business requirements (Bamber and Parry, 2014). These are the important sources of financing that are available to businesses in meeting out their short term, medium term and long term funding requirements. Conclusion In this report, a critical assessment has been carried out with respect to different forms of business, and also the sources of financing as available to business. The performance of analysis indicated that there are different important formats of business that could be considered by businesses and these include sole proprietorship, partnership and limited companies. These business formats have different roles and importance, and they are suitable under different circumstances. The analysis indicated that these sources have their own advantages and disadvantages. The different between financial accounting and management accounting is evaluated and it is identified that financial accounting is concerned with the financial performance of the organisation and it aims at meeting out the needs and expectations of the external stakeholders of the organisation whereas management accounting is aimed at providing information to the management within organisation for the purpose of allowing th em in making important decisions, and it is therefore considered as focused towards internal department of the organisation. Finally, different important sources of financing are identified which includes short term, medium term and long term financing, and they also have their own specification and importance. Recommendations: It is recommended that the two brothers should consider partnership format of starting business, and they should make use of the above identified financing sources in meeting out their long term, medium term and short term financing needs. References Bamber, M. and Parry, S. (2014), Accounting and Finance for Managers: A Decision-Making Approach, Kogan Page Publishers. Besley, S. and Brigham, E. (2011), Principles of Finance, 5th ed., Cengage Learning. Brigham, E. and Daves, P. (2015), Intermediate Financial Management, 12th ed., Cengage Learning. Kieso, D.E., Weygandt, J.J. and Warfield, T.D. (2011), Intermediate Accounting, Volume 1, John Wiley Sons. Longenecker, J., Petty, J., Palich, L. and Hoy, F. (2011), Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures 16th ed., Cengage Learning. Needles, B., Powers, M. and Crosson, S. (2012), Principles of Accounting, 12th ed., Cengage Learning. Needles, B. and Crosson, S. (2013), Managerial Accounting, 10th ed., Cengage Learning. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2013), Principles of Financial Accounting, Cengage Learning. Needles, B., Powers, M. and Crosson, S. (2013), Financial and Managerial Accounting, 10th ed., Cengage Learning.