Life Course Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Life Course Theory - Research Paper ExampleThe life story socio-economic class theory can best be internalized by analyzing life occurrences in respect to stages in lives, good turn points and routes which are all engraved in the social school of thought. This ranges from somebodyal traits, the environment around the person, educational differences and the family or community status. Ingredients of Building a Criminal The emergence of a criminal is attributed to two master(prenominal) sources of influence on the life of an individual transitions and trajectories. A transition comprises of the periodical short lived occurrences or critical moments that create a particular life smorgasbord like parenthood, marriage or divorce (Glen, Johnson & Crosnoe, 2003). Trajectories on the other hand refers to a route over the course of life which entails long lasting trends or patterns of occurrences like the history of the family and state of employment. Notably, there is a key role played by transitions in the course of oncoming trajectories (Heather and Farrington, 2001). Adaptation of an individual to a specific transition can result into change of course of the persons life into a respective trajectory. Childhood experiences can have a great impact on occurrences in the adolescent stage and later into adulthood the same behavior adolescence or adulthood events can shape later trajectories. If a child is clear to too untold criminal activities or violence, there is likelihood that the child or the adolescent will modify into matchless in his or her future life. Besides, exposing an adolescent to rejection in a social group increases the chances of the child exploitation into a violent adult. This is because the person has a tendency to feel neglected and thus the only route to obtain attention is by resolving to be a violent person. Provided this, transitions or occurrences at variant stages of life can have a permanent effect on various consequences during a life course. Eventually this can lead into a one and only(a) main trajectory or pathway. Environment near crimes in the inner city emerge as a result of the environment a person lives and the kind of exposures the person is subjected to. As mentioned earlier, this falls under transitions. For example the type of housing one dwells has a major impact on the life course of the person. This coupled with a desire to live in a decent apartment beyond the capacity of earnings of the person will automatically spend a penny the individual to attempt earning beyond his/her means. The individual may resolve to obtain the house or money by any fraudulent means which result into change of a life course. Besides, family structure has a greater role to play in this scenario. The family structure dictates the form of education a person acquires. fit in to Heather and Farrington (2001), the family is the corner stone of a human community. Children or adolescents who are constantly rejected by their fathers and mothers, those who are brought up in homes with significant level of conflicts and those are not adequately monitored are exposed to risk of developing into delinquents. Deborah, et al. (2002) assert that justice or fairness can be executed in a better way when the young individuals are directed on the best paths by involving the family members in Juvenile crime proceedings. It is vital for the society at large to understand the impact of family make up in getting to roots of delinquency. The structure of a family is one of the profound socialization foundations in one

Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleA association builds its brand and temperament through practice of social responsibility. A responsible company knows that a good company realise is a quick way to build trust and reputation for its brands. These traits nurtures a company for growth, opening up new opportunities for the company to choose from. This art will eventually become a good nuance in the company, making the staff remain genuine and trusted by the community. In addition, customers would want to look up with companies that care for them and the environment (Sims 59).Workers would seek occupation in businesses that care for the environment. That is, social responsibility would increase workers performances. In companies where the management does not recognize social responsibility, the workers seem to lose a low job esteem. Workers looking give away when they know that their efforts would make the world a better place for all. It makes all the daily struggles deservi ng it. The company would not have to spend too much in motivational programs as the workers would have something to work for. In addition, it would be a positive way for attracting and retaining a good staff, thereby, reducing company cost for recruitment exercises each year (Taylor).Respect for social responsibility would boost a companys scotch growth and maintain professionalism. A socially responsible company appears mature and trains the staff to be better managers, who not only care for their own growth, but the environment too. Unlike on the companies that are socially irresponsible, employees would form a relationship that could improve the services and living conditions for others. A responsible work describe does not only benefit the company, but also the community. The workers learn to be better citizens and parents at home. It becomes great than building a company, since the effect extends

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

affectionate Psychology - Essay ExampleThe study of loving influence, social comparison, conformity, obedience, motives, group processes, attitudes and attitude changes involve social psychology to very large extent in understanding the culture and background of a kingdom together with its history and social practices, and helps to track the means to change mindsets and augment the economy.Undoubtedly, the individual has a massive responsibility in social behavior and practices. Human nature is hereditary and follows the pattern and practices an individual looks and observes rough him. As such, the study on self and ones identity has a special roll in the study of social psychology. Every individual is instinctivel(a)y inclined to be self-centered, and central to all his or her life is the concern for the security and well-being of the individual within the social standards, resources and beliefs being followed in the region. The purposes and goals of the individual have a lo t to do with the resources and influence society brings about with the help of the natural environment, traditional customs and leadership unique to the region. Man has always had the capability to understand what he is same and the desire to know what he would like to be. Progress is achieved when one puts ones perception and cause to work and grasp what is feasible and attainable. It makes sense to the individual to seek better things in life and see all round progress and prosperity where he is concerned as well as where others atomic number 18 also involved. The means to these issues are interpersonal relationships, social standards and understanding of ones culture.The events in Rwanda approximately decades ago shocked the world and exposed the incapacity of the United Nations to quickly and effectively deal with the situation. A mute world looked on as marauding mobs went on rampage, looting and massacring a hapless minority whose only fault lay in the lopsided governing

The indigenous cultures of the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The indigenous cultures of the Americas - Essay ExampleAccording to the historians, Holmberg exhausted his time in the 1940s among the Sirono tribes and decided to call them the most culturally backward people in the entire world. He stated that these tribes had no religion, no art or design, no musical instruments, no domestic animals and no clothes, and lived in constant hunger and want. They couldnt even make fire or count to three. Mann decided to argue against these findings with deep respect. He stated that Holmberg thought that the people before capital of Ohio had no real history, while he did not take into account that people before capital of Ohio were just persecuted survivors and had been totally devastated with the smallpox and influenza in the 1920s.Mann detailed his personal experience with the pre-Columbian generation history within the article that he discussed in his book, according to which he said that during his times in the high school, he learned that the Ind ians came over to the land of Americas over 12000 years ago across the Bering Strait, and these Indians lived in isolated and small groups and had little to no impact over the environment. As a result, the land of Americas remained loopy and barren even after millennia of habitation. In the introduction of his book, he compares his research with Holmbergs and initially it seems as if both are two different pieces altogether. However, after reading the entire book, it be stimulates apparent that the investigation of anthropologists had come up to wrong conclusions. The greatest mistake according to Mann is the assumption that many historians make assuming that the Indians had no history before the arrival of Columbus on the continent.Mann looked at the history before Columbus from unhomogeneous points of views, and ended up making a specific kind of anthropological revolution. According to the investigations that he made about the life of the contemporaries and the field of culture showed that the Indians took proper and

Racism in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Racism in Australia - Essay ExamplePrejudices include bias and negative attitudes towards other(a) culture or a cultural group based on negative stereotypes and different pass judgment systems. In Australia, racism and prejudices are caused by different racial origin and geographical location. Country of brook is significant because it quite often coincides with some or all of the factors mentioned but this clearly need non be the case. People may be born outside a country or a nation-state yet still rate with it boundaries and borders change (Almaguer, 1994). The world history of migration and the general movement of peoples get hold of do any simple approach to culture and to ethnic identification non possible or viable. Individuals identify multiple ancestries, as evidenced by responses to the ancestry question included in the 1986 home(a) census the cultural background of some people is diverse. To take one example, there are people in Australia who were born in easter n Europe, emigrated with their families to Central America when they were children, and then emigrated to Australia as adults with children of their own (Banks, 1996). Underlying many of these pressure points is the conflict which arises for families from collectivist-oriented cultures when confronted with the individualisation which predominates in Australia (Pattel-Gray 1995). Achieving security and prosperity may be the only fundamental Chinese family value that has not been weakened in Australia, because western societies also value achievement. Language plays a crucial part in the ethnic identity of many communities, although its importance in this regard seems to vary across cultures In Diaspora, such(prenominal) as the Chinese, it has served to unite people from very different countries. Maintaining the first language and the learning of English have key roles in settlement, family experience and acculturation of immigrant groups. There is also a lack of tolerance or underst anding for unusual family arrangements which had arisen finished the disruption of the lives of many Eastern European immigrants and for the many men who remained single. The focus for a sense of belonging may be on common physical characteristics, the possession of a unambiguous language or dialect, a particular religion, a sense of geographical and historical continuity through living in a particular place, or a distinct lifestyle (Donald and Rattansii 1992). contrastDiscrimination is a direct result of prejudices and cultural differences take place in Australian society. In appall of great changes in social structure, Aboriginal people are discriminated in education, healthcare and employment (Pattel-Gray 1995). sail through cultural assimilation did not take place. However, the predominance of Anglo-Celtic values, in all Australian institutions but in particular in the workplace and the schools, often placed great pressures on immigrant families, created conflict between f amily members and sometimes endanger positive identification with their own cultures. The failure of cultural assimilation, the threat to Australian living standards with the onset of the recession and world economic restructuring, and social segmentation linked to gender, ethnicity and race led to a new national approach to diversity and to the development of policies

Southland by Nina Revoyr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Southland by Nina Revoyr - Essay ExampleIn a socialistic form, the overbold represents three ethnic groups, i.e. Asians, Blacks and Mexicans. It also illustrates the behavior of these ethnic groups compliant with various situations arising during the exploration of the mystery. Consequently, it highlights both the utopian and the dystopian verges of the races in a well-furnished manner (Nina, R., Southland). some(prenominal) characters can be identified in the refreshful performing their individual characteristics according to the situations and instances. Among them the two major characters of the story are Jackie Ishida and crowd together Lanier. Jackie Ishida was the grand lady fri final stage of Frank Sakai, an Asian settled in Los Angles with a store in the area. Frank Sakai had passed away kinda unexpectedly, just before ten days of Jackie Ishidas arrival to the city after receiving the cry out from her aunt Louis. Jackie Ishida, by her birth belonged to the Asian race an d can be identified as an Asian-American. The miss was also a final year law student in the UCLA law school. On the former(a) hand, mob Lanier was an African-American and related to one of the three victims who was found murdered in Frank Sakais store (Nina, R., Southland). Throughout the refreshed there were several incidents where the ethnic qualities of these characters have been visualized. For example, the kickoff interview of Jackie Ishida and James Lanier revealed the various paradoxes of the two young minds in terms of ethnicity and gender. As can be witnessed in the situation, Jackie seemed to be quite an individualist and conservative as well for which her ethnicity and gender plays a significant role. Notably, in her first meet, the girl hesitated to be alone with James after Laura had left her in his office, although she liked him. On the contrary, James proved to be quite a conformist by his behavior where he approaches in figurehead of Jackie and depicts to be int erested in her through the words of Laura. This contradictory form of behavior depicted from the end of Jackie and James were evidently the influence of their ethnic groups and their genders as well (Nina, R., Southland). Another unique characteristic of the novel which in turn influences the encounters and the responses of the two characters was that it was to a certain extent based on the plot of 1992 riots. It is in this context, that the novel raises various consequences of an ethnic society during the period. For instance, Jackies astonishment when the true fact of her grandfather, Frank loafer leaving Crenshaw was revealed and also when she witnessed a majority of blacks in his funeral depicted both the virtues and deficiencies of an ethnic society (Nina, R., Southland). 2. The rework of the Novel under the Context of the Image of Los Angeles as the Site of the American Dreams Several authors had contextualized the site of American Dream highlighting various instances which o ccurred after World War II, which

Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media - Assignment ExampleThey also explain the meaning of the profits and give insight into the significance of this medium of communication especially when conducting business.3. Did you instruct or listen early? Why? Do you speak out the cast you chose helped you or not? How many times did you need to read & listen before you felt confident about understanding the composition and vocabulary? How do you determine about this topic, e.g. positive or negative feelings? Do you agree/disagree with the ideas?I listened first to this objective then read the article about the development of the net. I wanted to grasp the key hurt used. Through listening to something, I believe that it is easier to quickly understand the context of the subject being discussed. This order greatly helped me because I have discovered that natural information and communication technology through the internet has changed our communication landscape as well as improving the way we conduct business. I l istened to the accusative twice and I managed to grasp the meaning of the vocabulary used. I have positive feelings about this topic and I strongly agree with the ideas.I learnt something new from listening to this documentary. I discovered that it is impossible to rise to power information that is secured on the internet though the internet is a network of connected computers.Somehow, I think this topic is connected to my future studies because I am increasingly using the internet for conducting my academic researches as well as to stay connected with friends and relatives. Through using the internet, I hope to discover new features of this medium of communication.Listening to this documentary was easier given that the presenter was very audible and his voice was clear much(prenominal) that I could grasp everything he said. Reading the article was also easy and I could understand everything.I found that both reading and listening were not very challenging since

Marcel Duchamp and Dada Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marcel Duchamp and pascal - Article ExampleThe paper Marcel Duchamp and Dada discusses dada movement and Marcel Duchamp. What Duchamp hoped to accomplish artistically with ready-to-eats was to literally call into the question the clich that bag rests entirely within the eye of he who beholds it. Another ready-made of interest was a work that consisted of a bicycle wheel mounted upside down on a kitchen stool titled simply Bicycle Wheel. The very fact that such an exhibit would chair to questioning whether this qualifies as art at all. Question such as those were the primary component that covey Dadaists and it was such a Such were the questions raised by the concepts of Dadaism this was an innovative step that even today, well a century later, the same questions argon still capable of being raised. Duchamp and the Dada movement had the aspire of art being viewed from an cerebral perspective as well as a purely optic one the idea was to confront traditional ideas about the tr uth and spirit of aestheticism. Duchamp further defied the traditions of aesthetics and the nature of what qualifies as art with what may be his most famous Dadaist work ever, L.H.O.O.Q.. This takes the iconic image of Leonard Da Vincis Mona Lisa, perhaps the epitome for most people of the concept of what a work of art is, and transforms it by committing the anti-art act of graffiti upon it in the form of a drawn mustache across the La Giacondas enigmatic smile. While the immediate reaction might be that such an act is intended to handle Leonardo himself. and the Mona Lisa specifically. From a Dadaist perspective, however, L.H.O.O.Q. isnt even intended to an indictment of the work of art that it apparently slanders, but is intentional to be a larger attack against such things as how society positions art, as well as how art can exist in a society that has also produced such atrocities of the human condition. A deeper insight into what Duchamp may be saying could be society needs to be more clamorous in their acceptance of artworks that arent conventionally beautiful. To take this idea to its logical conclusion, of course, would to say that L.H.O.O.Q also asks society to front at itself more closely in determining what is beautiful and what is ugly. Dadas confrontational techniques consistently ask the smasher to look more closely as how the works of Duchamp might be appealing even if they are not conventionally compelling. Despite what contemporary society may appear to say, this question is hardly answered to satisfaction. In recent decades, the ideal of bang has shifted to include any number of unconventional concepts of beauty. Duchamp and the Dada movement asked that the intellectual element of an artwork reach as high a level of importance of visual beauty of it. One fan of art may look at the Mona Lisas beauty marred by a mustache as distasteful, but that criticism is not just acceptable to the Dadaists but vital. Art should not be judged exclusiv ely on the basis of aesthetics, but from an intellectual perspective as well that takes into love such things as the socio-political value the work of art has. What kind of comment does it make on the homo that has shaped the artist who created, as well as the opinions that viewers engage when they critique it. Judging a work of art simply through its visual merits result in a self-imposed limitation on the enjoyment and experience that is possible. Equally true would it be limiting to confuse art with beauty and beauty with art. Ponder this quote from Duchamp himself, Art may

Ecological Footprint and Personal Environmental History Essay

Ecological Footprint and Personal Environmental History - Essay ExampleHowever, the scientists have non been successful till this point of time to locate other planets similar to this one. In comparison with the outlandish bonnie, my ampere-second and food footmark are to a greater extent, indicating that I am taking those activities that are generating more carbon and I am overwhelming more food items that are providing more food footprint than the average rate. In addition to that, my footprint share by BIOME is largely contributed by the forestland footprint, which is around 40 percent of my total footprint share by BIOME.I am astonished to see the impact of my footprint over the ecological system of the planet. I feel that I am the person who is contributing more in the ecological footprint than any other person. And, it is largely contributed by my current lifestyle and activities that I routinely carry on. For example, I use vehicles consume excessive water, I do not ret une my vehicles engine on time. My current lifestyle has little chances of being sustainable. I consider that the exactly way to improve and enhance the sustainability in the lifestyle can only be achieved if I take down thinking like a person who lives ethically, socially and personally responsible by reducing every(prenominal) that activity creating or enhancing the ecological footprint. I should retune my vehicles engine on time if I and my father are going in the morning, instead of using two vehicles, we should use one. While consuming water, I should not waste any single drop of water and so on.To be honest, I have never thought about my relationship with the worldly concern. As a result, my relationship with the earth has been a stranger. A person who does not know about the earth, which has everything that is indispensable for my existence on this planet the earth has been made in a way that is filled with a number of elements and constituents. Each element and member h as individual role to play for example, with the presence of air, we breathe

Analyzing an advertisement poster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing an advertisement poster - Essay ExampleUltimately, the paper pull up stakes draw a conclusion with relation to the advertisement poster.Notably, the ad uses different colors to capture the financial aid of the audience. The blue color at the top of the ad seeks to inform the audience that FIFA 14 is available on PS4. The foreground of the ad has bright colors to capture the attention of the eye while the background has a dark color to create a comfortable color mix. Moreover, the colors in this ad array the various football sponsors of FIFA 14 video game as well as the identity of adept of the successful football in the world. The color mix in this ad creates a very potent visual effect that helps the target audience to relate with the produce.Furthermore, the ad uses a human figure to model its message to the target audience. The human figure in the ad represents Lionel Messi who is the most decorated player in the world who plays for Barcelona, which is a very succ essful football club. The human figure relates the product with success and thence encouraging the audience to buy the product with a promise of becoming like Messi. Moreover, the ad depicts the product in a very clear way. Indeed, the audience can easily identify the product and the torso that licensed the product subject to the good mix of colors and the large font of the product description. sundry(a) words and texts appear on the image. These words and texts are clear and represent the product, the sponsors of FIFA 14 video game, and the functionary bodies that licensed the product. Moreover, the words and texts represent the device, which supports the application of this product. Furthermore, the texts represent the sponsor of the club shown on the image. Notably, the image has a defined boundary. The shape of product is at the center of the image while the human figure aligns to the left. The name of the device that supports the application of the product is at the top of the image with a unique color.The ad uses

Social terms in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social terms in Islam - Essay ExampleHe went to a spelunk to muse on the problems, and there he prayed.In the year 610, the angel Gabriel appeared to him. It was Gabriel who gave Muhammad the words to the Koran. Muhammad started to preach, and at archetypal his words were not taken well. Meccans were told not to trade with the would-be Muslims. In the year 619 his wife died. It was later onward this that he had his famous journey to Jerusalem. Soon men from Medina heard of him, and said that if his ideas worked he would be the strongest while in Arabia. (U.S. News and World Report, Secrets of Islam pg.22) The Medina Arabs soon chartered Islam, but it was far from being accepted by everybody in Arabia. Muhammad died at the age of 63, and at bottom a century of his death Islam blossom out across ternion continents.The first split in the religion happened not long after Muhammads death. When Muhammad died he left no indication of who was to rule after him. The Sunnis believe th at Ali, Muhammads cousin should have been the first kaliph to rule after Muhammad. Instead, he was the 4th. The third caliph Uthman, was killed, and Ali was accused of not pursuing Uthmans killers. Muawiya, Uthmans cousin and the goernor of Damascus refused to accept Ali as the caliph until Uthmans killers were caught. Ali was killed by one on his own followers, and then Muawiya took the title of caliph. Alis son, Hussein was promised the caliph after Muawiy died. However Muawiyas son took the caliph, and Hussein died. However Hussiens son Ali survived, and the two lines of caliphs made the split amid the Islamic factions of Sunni and Shia.Both sects of the religion are Islam however. A believer of Islam, be the person Sunni or Shia, is called a Muslim. Muslim is the Arab word for submission to the lead of Allah. And a Muslim is a person who has submitted their will to the will of Allah. Muslims believe in the 5 Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars are1. To believe in Allah and his Prophet Muhammad.2. To pray in the direction of Mecca five times a day3. To make a pilgrimage to Mecca during their lifetime if open4. to pay religious taxes(alms)5. to observe and fast during Ramadan The holy book for Muslims, the Koran, is the main source for Islamic law. It is considered the eventual(prenominal) source of instruction and information. The legal interpretation of the Koran is call the Shariah and can vary within the religion. For example, the Koran calls for modesty in womens dress, and some Shariahs say that women should be veiled from head to foot.Islam soon spread far across the world. There is some debate however about how it came to Kyrgyzstan. Some sources say it was brought over by Sufis, Islamic missionaries. The majority of the other sources say that the religion was brought over by merchants and traders. As merchants traded, they would wander their wares as well as spread their Islamic faith. Islam was assimilated into the lifestyle of the people of t he area. Some ideas of the religion were ignored, because they didnt pop off with the nomadic life style of the people. The people of the area mainly practiced animism and forms of shamanism, and it I believed that they simply took and chose which part of Islam they wanted to adopt. Many people also considered themselves Muslim, even if they didnt hold any of the beliefs of the religion. Because of the nomadic way of life, Islam does not have a strong hold on the society of Kyrgyzstan. One example of this is the role of women. referable to

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Marketing - Assignment ExampleThe entire process of marketing involves a curry of four key principles which are commonly referred to as the 4Ps of marketing, these key principles are place, product, price and promotion. Over time, the plan of 4Ps has gradually been developed to now to the to a greater extent inclusive 7Ps of marketing. The 7Ps of marketing include the tralatitious for key principles of product, promotion, place and price, however in addition to these core principles the 7Ps also include the principles of positioning, packaging and slew. forwards conducting any marketing activities it is quite useful for companies to consider these principles as being a key scratch point in carrying out market research. It is important that they establish what exactly are the customer requirements in relation to these principles.Since it was founded in 1943, IKEA has undergone a rapid growth that has seen it grow to now being considered as the publics most successful mass-marke t retailer focusing on the sale of house goods and Scandinavian-style home furnishings. IKEA hosts an estimated 410 one thousand thousand shoppers each year across its 276 stores located in 25countries. None of the proposed designs are ever allowed into the companys catalogue if they are deemed to not be affordable. IKEAs primary objective it to attempt to create separate everyday lives for people around the world while showing concern about both people and the environment. Low prices are considered to be a key attraction of the IKEA concept and this has enabled the company attract more customers who want to buy products from it. To promote its products, IKEA carefully uses a number of modern methods that include internet gross sales and free home delivery of purchased products (dircon, 2014).Since its establishment by Adnan Sweid, Portakabin Prefab Houses and Dcor LLC has grown to an extent that its

How does Japan benefit from the export of its media products Essay

How does lacquer benefit from the export of its media products - Essay ExampleThis research go out begin with the statement that animation industry in Japan is gaining due spotlight within the land and as well as from everyplaceseas. The use of modern technologies in making animation films has attracted producers and directors from all over the globe to import Japanese animation film features. Media industries from the western countries have shown interests in making 3 dimensional (3D) movies. 3D movies have proved to offer viewers a lifetime experience in watching movies. In 2010, a survey conducted by the Japanese government found out that 127.08 gazillion people are residing in and around Japan. Among them, 65.7 million belong to the labor force. Furthermore, the unemployment rate surveyed in the alike(p) year showed that it has the lowest unemployed people among the G7 nations. The agedness population of Japan has been a concern for the government. 22.9 percentage of the total population is beyond 65 years of age. Thus, the survey shows that though Japan has the lowest unemployment rate, the aging population might hurt the production of successful animation films, leading to low exports and revenue. Though Japan is considered to have the latest technological equipment, most of the countrys infrastructure has been destroyed by the instinctive calamities, such as earthquakes in 2011. It has been estimated that India may overtake Japan as the third biggest economy in the world in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The recent earthquake in 2011 has alter the animation industry which accumulates approximately USD 2.5 meg each year. Thus, it has been noted that the American animators have grown interests in working with Japanese animation companies which are generally viewed as the leader in this industry. Moreover, the contribution from incompatible sectors is evident for making the animation industry the best in the world. The animation industry of Japan exports its media products throughout the world. Data provided by the member companies that combine the Association of Japanese Animation shows that income from exporting media products was nearly 16.2 billion Yen. Furthermore, big anime companies that are not a member of the association, generate profits of around 1 billion Yen to about 4 billion Yen through overseas sales. Thus, the countrys estimated revenue through media products can be almost 18 to 20 billion Yen.

Argument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

billet - Research Paper ExampleThese needs related to videogames make students finish the activity as technology-dependent students (Apostol, Zaharescu, & Alexe, 2013). Videogames gestate the possibility to teach both formal and informal academic and non-academic skills, and, as fun tool, they motivate students to be more collaborative, promote social learning, share information, and increase their attainments (Kebritch, Hirumi, & Bai, 2010). Video games have the ability to evoke feelings of vehement emotional bonds as a part of the students experience (Bengoechea, 2009). Learning starts bringing emotions like any new(prenominal) pleasant occupation. Students begin to like the leaning process itself and produce the motivation.Ground1 In Japan a involved method was used to investigate the impact of integrating videogames into an existing curriculum, and two researches were conducted. In Study 1 (n = 9), new words were included in task sheets. Study 2 (n = 11) included the tasks on vocabulary. the results showed that the learners were unnatural positively (Hitosugi, Schmidt, & Hayashi, 2014). According to Mifsud (2013), an group of the research participants, who applied videogames in Malta demonstrated considerable improvement in the study of English as a Second Langu mount up in comparison to those learners, who were offered usual approach. 79.1 % of 1163 students with an age range between 11-16 years feel that video games can provide them with an opportunity for and help them acquire new skills , and 77.5% of 149 teachers believe that students can learn from videogames in class. Furthermore, 83% of 783 parents also believed that educational videogames have wrench an important tool in classroom learning. Gjedde (2014) conducted a research on Danish public secondary winding school that use mixed method of the qualitative case study, and surveys evaluations every week to implement curriculum, and models of educational live action role play (eduLARP). Appro ximately 98 students participated in the research.

Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Brand Management - Essay Examplerand of its retail business, and it is the largest division in the Cooperative conclave and it is one of the largest food retail chains in the country of United Kingdom. The outline adopted by the group is to mainly serving the local communities with small stores, in line with the objectives of cooperative movement, rather than competing with the bigger super commercialises. Members of The Co-operative Group get rebate on the value of purchases made from the cooperative retail stores.The stake notion of the group, for example in the case of Co-op 99brand tea, portends success of a comprehensive strategy that may be adopted for its foods business, to leverage its strengths goodwill in the market. The products with Cooperative brands already appearing with its accept labels are available throughout the country in their own stores and other retail cooperative societies. A strategy for consolidation of the brand image and brand value at this stage wou ld enhance the brand identity, recognition, image and positioning relative to the competing products.Brand image denotes the respectability or the status of the products or service as perceived by the consumers. Brand represents character, quality or attributes in respect of the products or go which is very important for the manufacturers or service providers to position the product or services in the market place or differentiate them from the others. Every entrepreneur tries to introduce unique features to strike a harmonise with the customers with varied expectations, requirements, aspirations and psychological needs.In creation of a brand, building unique features into the products or services plays a basic and important role. Establishing the brand in the market place involves creating awareness about the products in the minds of the consumers. Creation, presidential term and maintenance of the brand could be called as brand management.There are so many factors abstruse in a brand to be successful in the long

The Swimmer Essay Example for Free

The Swimmer EssayHow would you characterize the social world that Neddy Merrill lives in? He lives a perfect life. A perfect family, high social standing and an expensive house. He dosent father many problems and his friends are perfect as well. What is Neddys mood at the beginning of the story? He seems content. It was a hot sunny day and he was drink a glass of gin. What possible reasons understructure you think of for the journey that Neddy proposes to undertake? Are there any suggestions that this journey does not take betoken in reality?Consider some of the many signs of trouble that Neddy encounters during the course of his journey. List them. During his journey Neddy goes by dint of many stages in his life. I think the pool is a symbolism of alcohol. In the beginning he was fine and everyone was nice to him. Eventually he comes to a dry pool and has no idea what to do. mickle start being rude to him and he realizes that his wife and kids are gone. Neddy doesnt live in reality. What role does drinking alcohol play in the story? A major role.Neddys alcohol issues may harbor caused the affair with Shirley Adams causing his wife and daughters to leave him. What do you think is the overall meaning or message is in the story? I think the meaning of this story is that life is short and you should use your conviction wisely. Neddy wanted all the material objects in life and alcohol. How many pools does Neddy swim through? List them in order. the grahams, hammers, lears, howlands, crosscups, bunkers, levys, welchers, public pool, hallorans, saches, biswangers, shirley adams, gilmartins, clydesNotice the pattern of how people treat him as he goes from pool to pool. What is that pattern? Mrs. graham flour was vey nice to him and offered a drink. the bukers had a party. the welchers pool was dry. Eventually people were questioning his behavior. They were ignorning him, being rude and notification him to grow up. Neddy describes himself as heroic. Use quotes from the story to affirm or refute that idea. I am not too sure about this answer. Notice the description of the seasons how many are there? summer and gloam

Preparing Your First Speech Essay Example for Free

Preparing Your First Speech EssaySince this is a public speaking class, it means that you will indeed hold back to present languagees Since many masses work nervous at this prospect, I uniform to get the first mavin have angiotensin converting enzyme early in the semester. Its like ripping off a band-aid rip it off fast to feel slight pain. Your Introductory Speech is your first baby step into this field. This assignment is meant to be easy. Its meant to be a way to get you up in front of the group and doing nighthing for 2-4 mi egges, not to be a heavy, tax assignment. Therefore, if you find that its in truthly hard, youre doing it wrong Take a deep breath, remember its supposed to be simple, and bring forth over again. Because I compulsion this assignment to be easy and I want everyone to be on virtually the same level, this is the one bringing in the semester where Im acquittance to give you topics to convey from rather than just letting you pick something on your own. Dont worry, after this one you can let out rough any appropriate subjects you want, but for now, your excerptions are peculiar(a) to five.TopicsYour first topic option is called a coat of munition deliverance. A coat of ordnance store is also often called a family crest. In Medieval heraldry, pictures were emblazoned on a knights shield or armor which represented that persons character or ancestry. A family crest has pictures that suppose rough a familys history. Dont worry Im not going to carry you to research your genealogy Instead, for this topic, I want you to create your own personal coat of arms. To do this, you should admit between 2 and 4 objects that represent something about(predicate) you. For instance, if I were to create a coat of arms for myself, I would choose a golf club, a suitcase, and a roller coaster because those represent triple of my preferred hobbies. I love to play golf (though Im not very unplayful at it), I seek any opportunit y to travel, and Im a huge roller coaster nut who will go anywhere to ride the latest and greatest ride. You could choose hobbies, as I experience done, or you may choose a person or people, a pet, something related to your future career, and so on You can choose anything that tells us a little bit about you, who you are, and what you like.You dont have to get deep and personal, just tell us some basic, surface-level things about yourself. Since some people dont like to talk about themselves, you have other options as healthy. Your second topic to choice is if you could invite any three people to dinner, living or dead, fictionalizational or non-fictional, who would they be and wherefore? Who would you nearly like to meet and talk to, either from the past or the present? What would you like to go steady from them? Since they dont have to be living, I could choose Adolph Hitler if I wanted to. Since they can be fictional, I can choose Bugs bunny girl if I want to. They dont have to be famous people or characters, either. I greet someone who would be at the top of my invitation dip would be my grandmother, who died 25 years ago, and Id just like to sit down and talk with her again. You might also address what that combination of people would be like at dinner. Are Hitler and Bugs Bunny going to get along, or will there be trouble? Will my grandmother be able to put Hitler in his place? Your third topic option is if you were going to be isolated on a dilapidated island, what three books would you want to have with you? Do you want to entertain yourself with fiction? Would you prefer a survival or spiritual guide?Would you pick A thousand and one ways to prepare coconuts or How to build a raft and get off a deserted island? When I bring up this topic option in a live class, students often let out that they dont read or like a lot of books, so Im not completely hung up on your choosing them, but I would like you pick some stool of media such as mag azines, music, movies, newspapers, journals, etc. Well just pretend you have a lifetime supply of batteries so you can watch those movies or listen to that music Your first three choices have all been informative-type speeches, because youd just be telling us about yourself, the people youd like to meet, or the books youd like to have. Your fourth topic option is a persuasive one a gross sales speech. You can sell us any product or service. It can be a real product, or you can make up a fake one (and yes, it can be louche and creative). I know that many students I have in class work in sales, and if thats the case with you, you can sell us the product you sell at work. The bottom line is if you choose this option, your goal is to make us want the product by the end of your speech. arrest in object that it isnt meant to be a TV commercial it should still be a proper speech in proper speech format. Your final option could be either informative or persuasive, depending on how you s hape up it. It is a speech about your pet peeves. What are the little nit-picky things other people do that really get on your nerves? Is it people who chew with their mouth open or stop to replace the toilet paper roll when it runs out? Is it all the bad drivers in Columbia? You could approach this topic option in a couple of different ways. You could pick out two or three different pet peeves and talk about each, or you could give two or three reasons why one thing is a big pet peeve of yours.For instance, I in one case had a woman in class who talked about the three things she found most irritating at Wal-Mart. Keep in mind that pet peeves are supposed to be minor irritations. Something like domestic abuse, for instance, isnt a pet peeve, but a major social issue Hopefully, you find at to the lowest degree one of those topic options appealing. Remember the assignment is supposed to be easy, so choose the one where ideas line up to you most easily. Sometimes, upon first hearing the topic choices one stands out as THE one youre going to do, but when you sit down to write it you cant think of anything to say. If thats the case, try some other one to see if the ideas come to you more(prenominal) easily.You want the writing get off the ground of this to be easy so that youll have plenty of time to practice your speech before its due. You may also press using a optic aid with this presentation. Its not a requirement, but if youre in particular nervous about speaking, you might consider it for a couple of reasons. First, having a visual aid may make you less nervous because it gives the interview something else to look at for a moment rather than you Second, the visual aid will do you remember what you want to say in your speech. If I have a golf club lying on the table, Im not likely to forget that I want to talk about golf The visual aid could be an actual object, a picture, a power point slide show, or whatever may be appropriate for the subject your e discussing.Writing and Organizing the SpeechRegardless of which topic option you choose, your speech should contain certain basic elements that are present in all speeches that you will present in this class. First, the speech should begin with an fundament to go past the listening in to the main depicted object of the speech. You should spend 10-15% of your speaking time setting up the speech in the introduction and it should include at least these two elements an attention-getter, and a dissertation that previews the main points. When a speaker first stands up to speak, the audience is doing a hundred other things rather than listening. Theyre talk of the town to each other, daydreaming, reading, doodling, and who knows what else? So, your first goal as a speaker is to get the audience to stop doing those things and to want to listen to what you have to say. You can accomplish this by having an effective attention device as the initiation of your speech. There are several techniques you can use to draw the audience in.Attention Getters1. You could ask the audience a question, which forces them to participate in some way. You could ask a rhetorical question that makes the audience esteem where youre going with the speech, or you could ask for a show of hands in response to your question, which forces them to physically participate. In order for this to be an effective device, though, you have to make sure its a devout question If the question has an obvious answer, instead of drawing the audience in, youll turn them off For instance, I once had a student who started his speech with How many of you have ever watched television? The audience laughed and nobody raised(a) their hands. The speaker then timidly said, No, really. Raise your hand if youve ever watched TV. The audiences sighed and grudgingly held up their hands. The audience entangle that it was obvious that they had all seen TV before, and resented having to very answer that question, so the speakers attention getter backfired.2. You could tell a joke. Humor is actually a wonderful way to begin a presentation. It lightens the mood and makes the audience want to hear more. Most speakers report feeling the most nervous right before startle their speech, so if you can tell a good joke and get the audience laughing, it will help you feel like theyre with you and youll start to relax. There are a couple of catches to this technique, though. First, the audience may expect you to continue to be funny throughout your speech. Second, you want to make sure its a good joke If you tell a joke, youve got wait for laughter written in your notes, no one laughs, and you can hear the crickets chirping, it will make you more nervous 3. You could use a quotation. If youre choosing the people you would invite to dinner or the books youd take to a deserted island, this could be a good attention device for you. Choose a powerful quotation from one of the people or a dramatic passage fro m one of your books, and it can help to set the mood of your speech.4. You could make a take aback statement or give a strike fact or statistic to begin the speech. A surprising fact about the subject can make the audience want to hear more about your subject and your research. 5. You could use a visual aid or physical demonstration to draw the audience in. For instance, if one of the objects youve chosen to represent yourself is something unusual, it may make the audience curious about what youll be discussing. I once had a student that opened his speech in a way that scared me to death. He stood up and started talking, when suddenly another man burst in the door and attacked him I was panicked I thought, Oh no, a fight Theyre going to kill each other Just as I was getting ready to call security, it became clear that this was a pre-planned skit for a speech about self-defense. The speaker was wake how to get out of a hold by an attacker. It was frightening, but it definitely got our attention Not everyone is cheerful with being quite that dramatic, though, so feel free to use one of the other techniques.6. A more subtle approach might be to tell a story. A story can lightly draw the audience into your speech and topic. For instance, if I were doing my coat of arms speech, I might tell a story about a day at the amusement park. These are the main techniques speakers use to start a speech. You might also reference a historical event or a previous(prenominal) speaker. The main thing I want to get across to you is that you should NOT start a speech by stating the topic. Saying, My name is Cindy and today Im going to tell you about my coat of arms is thudding and not likely to make the audience interested. Dont say, My speech is on or My topic is Use a good, well thought-out attention getter. Keep in mind as well that the attention getter MUST be related to the content of the speech in some way. Dont tell a random joke, for instance, tell a joke thats relat ed to something youre actually going to talk about in your speech. I feel that the attention getter is one of the hardest parts of the speech to write, and I would save it as one of the last things I write. You want to know what your main content is going to be before you decide how to start the speech.These with Preview of Main PointsThe second part of the introduction is to have a clear thesis that previews the main points youll discuss in the body of the speech. Just like a paper has a central thesis its trying to get across to the reader, a speech has a central thesis its trying to get across to the listeners. The thesis takes your stallion speech and summarizes it in one sentence. It is THE thing you want the audience to remember, even if they remember nothing else about your speech. The thesis includes a preview of the main points that will be discussed in the body of the speech as well. This means that Im literally going to state my main points in my introduction, as part of that thesis. For instance, a potential thesis for my coat of arms speech might be something like, Youll get to know me better once you see how much I like golf, travel, and roller coasters.Now the audience knows that Ill be discussing those three specific topics in my speech. One thing youll learn in this class is that most people arent particularly strong listeners, so you have to keep reminding them of what you want them to know. A usual rule of speech making is tell em what youre going to tell em. Tell em. then tell em what you just told em. The preview is telling them what youre going to tell them. Ive had some students in the past that really hated the idea of doing a preview.They were afraid it would make the speech boring and repetitive or that it was giving away all the potential suspense in their speech. Well, it might be a bit repetitive, but thats a necessary evil when dealing with oral communication. Its also still possible to leave people in suspense while still prev iewing the body. For instance, in my three people Id invite to dinner speech I could have the thesis of The three people Id most like to have to dinner include a relative, a historical figure, and a cartoon character. Ive still previewed, but the audience wont know which relative, historical figure, or cartoon character Ive chosen until I talk about them in the body.

The Fight Over the Redwoods Essay Example for Free

The push Over the Redwoods Essaypeaceable timber Company, founded in 1869, oversees the careful maintenance and logging of the worlds most productive timber lay. peaceable Lumber holds the last private set of old- crop Redwood. In addition to its unique hardwood, the Redwood forest hosts an ecosystem supporting virgin ground never logged, and the endangered Marbled Murrelet. after beingness purchased in 1985 by the Maxxam whole and its owner Mr. Hurwitz, pacific Lumber tripled logging book of account and looked to log the previously privately saved Redwood forest. Due to the use of junk-bonds for financial backing, Maxxam Inc. needed to dramatically change magnitude revenue streams to make take payments which resulted in the reprioritization of stemma levers. The health of the environment became second to the choice of Pacific Lumber. Poor business ethics led the timber company from a once exceedingly profitable firm conscious of both the environment and long- circum stance business stability, to iodin focused on short-term profitability without valuing the long term impacts of environmental change. The Fight Over The Redwoods Background Pacific Lumber Company, founded in 1869, owned 220,000 acres of some of the worlds most productive timber ground.The family-run company integrated the very best standards for environmental impact and business circumspection. Through selective tree cutting and management of business structure, the Pacific Lumber Company maintained the worlds rarest old growth redwood forest. Due to deforestation through the end of the 1970s, Pacific Lumber Company held the last Redwood resource thereby indirectly monopolizing the hardwood market. The company was debt free, treated their employees surface, and managed a signifi green goddesst inventory to support their sustainment operations.(Shaw, 2014) In 1985, Maxxam Incorporated acquired Pacific Lumber for 900 million dollars. Through the use of junk-bond financing to pur chase the company, Maxxam Inc. had to manage significant interest payments on their loan. To manage high interest, Maxxam change magnitude wood cutting that would eventually lead to the deforestation of previously treasureed land. 16 different lawsuits filed by environmental organizations brought Pacific Lumber operations to a halt with foresting operations in specific areas of their land.The legal reasoning was the protection of endangered species, and long-term impact to virgin ecosystems that existed nowhere else in the world. (Shaw, 2014) In 1999, Senator Diane Feinstein and Deputy Interior Secretary John Garamendi signed an agreement. The agreement brokered out land to the political science through a 480 million dollar purchase, and banned logging in certain areas for liter years in an effort to protect endangered species. The agreement also established an enforceable home ground protection plan to oversee Pacific Lumber operations for the foreseeable next.Pacific Lumber c onsidered the cross to be a true testament that increased regulations by federal government stymied business profitability. Pacific Lumber ended up declaring bankruptcy in 2008. The lumber company was acquired by a well known firm that had ties to the timber community, held environmental considerations high, and worked well with politics involved. (Shaw, 2014) Case Analysis Question 1 Ancient forests, to include those of Redwood trees, have a value that is greater than just the face value of the lumber planned for logging.Considerations for a corporations growth and profitability is important. Employees depend on paychecks, healthcare, pensions, and other(a) supporting programs such(prenominal) as scholarships and donations to the community. These benefits however, will never outweigh the value of untouched forest that supports jeopardise species. Addressing Redwood deforestation only encompasses a small portion of global concern. Ecosystems rely on one another to survive and ope rate in the environment they are found.Removing the Redwood hardwood forest would be the precipice for heroic scale ecological failure. An employee for Pacific Lumber may need a paycheck to maintain an becoming standards of living, but first needs a place to survive. If the ecosystem supporting our elbow room of life collapses, so does our way of life. Question 2 Although land ownership is an individual right, what takes place on that land is pacify a concern for governing agencies. In this case, the impact to ecosystems covers an area greater than just the area owned by one individual or firm.Controlling the impacts of the landowners operation mitigates the impact to other landowners in the area. Owning land still requires a rational person to behave in a manner consistent with the law of the land. In this analysis, a gentlemen named Hurwitz backed Maxxam Inc. to purchase Pacific Lumber. Hungry for profits, he altered Pacific Lumbers focus to the short term profitability of th e firm, instead of long term sustainment of the business. Poor business practices put Maxxam Inc. in a position requiring a fixed get along of income to pay loan interest and fees.Hurwitz never assessed whether or not he could sustain payment with current operations and was forced to increase operations to make profitability still viable. (The Terrestrial Environment, 1998) Question 3 Mainstream environmentalists were correct to stop Pacific Lumber from ravaging its timberland. Prior business practices provided ecosystem shelter for endangered species and protected virgin forest from being logged. Changes to federal regulations and societal values required that these areas be protected despite ownership change.conduct by radicalized environmentalists is often unacceptable because it results in damage to business property and potential injury to employees. They do, however, protect what would otherwise be destroyed with stale politics or businesses circumventing laws through unhonor able behavior. (Shaw, 2014) Question 4 We as a society have a moral obligation to protect rare environments such as the Redwood forest. Trees do not have inherent rights and essential be represented by a governing body or entity with their environmental impact in mind if they are logged. doddering growth forest support more than just the production of hardwood, it supports endangered species, fragile ecosystems, and the long term health of the planet. Endangered species cannot be recreated The death of a species effects of the impact of two or 3 other species ecosystems, resulting in fluctuations throughout the entire food chain. (The Terrestrial Environment, 1998) Question 5 Prior to being bought out, Pacific Lumber operated a very controlled logging operation that matched tree-growth rates.Although this does not necessarily provide increased short term profitability, it does mean long term sustainment with predictability. Shareholders of Pacific Lumber knew they owned a dependab le stock that would hold its value for years to come. Lumber produced from logging is a highly volatilisable market. Predictable operations gave employees stability and ensured the environmental interests of future generations to come. Pacific Lumber is an excellent example of how ethical business practices sustain the environment, or negate the importance of it in the interests of profitability.Question 6 The argument can be made that protecting private land from deforestation is not necessary due to the amount of land already protected by parks and reserves. What cannot be predicted is the impact to endangered species, or the breakup and destruction of niche ecosystems that support a larger environmental scale. Taking away local anestheticized areas of trees, or ecosystems supported by old growth, will ultimately compound the negative effects of our constantly shrink native environment.As human growth pushes into these areas, the result is an increase of a demand for a motionle ss environment, despite destroying the very thing we need to exist. (Biological Issue, 2014) Question 7 The agreement made between the government and Pacific Lumber did cost the taxpayers more than what would be considered socially acceptable by a reasonable person. The argument equates the value of the land and its components to the cost of protecting it. By spending 480 million dollars, the land is federally protected against logging, forever.Endangered species may remain in the same state, but the uncontrolled excreta of their habitat has now been mitigated. The impact of the agreement to Pacific Lumber was the eventual bankruptcy filed in 2008. The resulting reshaping of the firm required layoffs and the decommission of certain assets to created a viable business. Employees lost their jobs, communities felt the impact of business fluctuation, and the local economy suffered. Although difficult, this suffering is short-termed and does not compare to the long term negative effects of deforestation to future generations.(Biological Issue, 2014) Conclusion Pacific Lumber is a perfect example of why ethical business practices essential consider the environment along with other federal and state regulations within their operations. Focusing only on short term profitability is not indicative of long term sustainment and stability. Owners of large corporations must ensure that responsible values and core competencies are retained, despite being bought out. Controlling corporate growth helps maintain employee and shareholder interests, while simultaneously ensuring the health and welfare of the environment. References

Corrections Trend Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Corrections Trend Evaluation EssayThis piece explains the galore(postnominal) trends in the prevalent and institutional criminal justice system. These trends, starting from the past, push the research into the pre dis buns and future with the execution of instrument of continuing trends and perspective ideations to aid in the progress and advancement of criminal procedures. This paper starts with the history of residential area and commercial criminal justice and attaches the proceedings to the present-day standing. This paper also shows an idealistic and theoretical likeness of how the criminal justice system may look in the future based on on-going trends. Past TrendsStories mentioning jails are throughout history even back to biblical multiplication, however, America did not stir an official penitential until 1790 at which era Philadelphia constructed the Walnut Street Jail. It was during this time that the root word of penitentiary took on its new resile. Prisoners in early times were sent with the aim of the punishment in the form of penance, thus with all luck resulting in purity of personal reform. Inmates are kept in sensation cell units at all-times, even for meals. Recreation was not an option. In the rare event, that an inmate did leave the cell, a mask, or hood is required (Johnson Dobrzanska, 2005). The goal is to lead a monk style life, thus providing a Bible to all inmates is mandatory, and it is a hope that the offenders would spend their sentences preparing to live law-abiding lives as governed by Gods word, pursuance their electric arc. This type of containment for inmate is known as the separate system.On the flipside of the separate system is the congregate system, and the number one notation of its use, is by the Auburn Prison (Johnson Dobrzanska, 2005). Prisoners still lived a life of confinement while in their cell, but with this system, they coexist with otherwise inmates for figure out and meals. Although this is a change, inmates never speak a word and many recall the yet sound coming from workshops within the prison house and the marching of inmates (Johnson Dobrzanska, 2005).Present TrendsMuch has changed pursuance the days when inmates donned masks or hoods just to walk down a corridor within prisons walls. Prior to the 1960s, both the public and the courts developed a hands off policy toward the conditions and practices within criminal facilities (Martin, Katsampes, 2007). The reasoning behind this was a notion that correctional administrators knew how to best control both inmates and correctional facilities. However, during the 1960s and the 1970s, while people extracurricular were rallying for civil rights of different groups of people, inmates were inside prisons rallying for prisoners rights. At this point, the criminal justice system and interposition of inmates take a poignant turn in history.The decision of the courts allowed the trend to move from inmates living a monk st yle lifestyle to inmates who receivedly generate access to courts, counsel, mail, more choices for reading material and libraries, medical exam care, food services, recreation, exercise, and due process. Because of this society now, overtakes correctional facilities were inmates coexist around other inmates, as well as seeing inmates legally counseling other inmates in their cases as well as appealing and representing themselves in court. We have TV crews going into facilities and providing the public with firsthand accounts of life within the jails.However with the changes come downfalls in the goals for incarceration. No longer is the goal one of penance, it has since changed to a goal of punishment. The focus is holding an offender accountable for illegal acts as well as a means to discourage offenders from committing future criminal acts, and with any luck discourage others in communities from following in the same tracks as current inmates. Because of this trend, the judici al systems as well as correctional facilities have increased to a level of concern. Another unfortunate upshot of the changing of times comes the changing of the importance behind rehabilitation.According to Martin, and Katsampes (2007), rehabilitation, and reintegration rank as secondary goals. Noted, particularly for this theory are the jails, as they do not attempt to provide inmates with opportunities for self-help or change to monish future criminal behavior. Luckily, familiarity-based corrections are stepping up to assist in the rehabilitation of offenders. Programs such as community-based centers are offering their assistance in reintegrating inmates back into society. These types of centers operate within a private firmament and offer assistance in areas, such as returning to school for finding employment as well as enrolling the participants into classes such as cognitive self-changing classes, parenting classes as well as drug and inebriant political platforms.Anothe r example of community-based corrections focuses on alleviating the overcrowding issues seen within the correctional facilities. These programs encompass opportunities such as adherence supervision programs, community service orders, work-release centers, electronic monitoring, probation, or other alternative measure programs (John Howard Society of Alberta, 1998). separately of these community-based correctional programs poses signifi mintt benefits to alleviating the correctional facilities problem with them experiencing just too many inmates. The bail supervision programs release the offender to a member of the community, while that person is awaiting trial. This program not only holds the offender accountable for not screwing up while awaiting trial, it also holds someone else accountable for those peoples actions as well. Many times this takes place in the form of bail or following the release of an offender on recognizance also known as RoR.Community service is another fine example of the serving of punishment. This program allows offenders to give back to the community by means of working within the community. Many times community service takes place at a local store such as the Youth Ranch, other times it will be purely with the city or county, doing things such as working at the local landfill, or cleaning court offices and other associated buildings.Offenders in this program, report at a plan time to the jail and receive their daily work assignment, form that point until the remainder of their day, they work under(a) the supervision of the jail staff. Work release centers offer the opportunity for inmates to leave the facility to fulfill work schedules obtained prior to sentencing. Most inmates must pay a higher fee for this opportunity but can have someone approved by the facility to transport the inmate to and from work, however, the inmates are also dependant to random checks by authorities to ensure they are accounted for at all times.Futu re Trends and IssuesAs time continues to evolve, the judicial system is bound to encounter the continuation of trends as society is beginning to see in both past and present times. It impossible for one to say what will or will not happen to the future correctional facilities, but through monitoring of the past, one can begin to see a devastating trend form. By removing the rehabilitation aspect and imposing the punishment aspect, the system continues to enable the cycle, thus bringing it to the point it is today. Research suggests that the trends both courts and facilities will face include that of continued prison growth as well as the potential for early release patterns (The Sentencing Project, n.d.). By the courts handing down sentences strictly for a punishment reason, they are enabling the continuation of a growth that already exceeds maximum substance within the facilities.A suggestion to combat this scenario and alleviate the congestion within the facilities is to take adv antage of the community-based programs accessible for offenders who do not pose a significant threat to themselves, or to society. The punishment aspect of the criminal offense is satisfied by the courts and the chances of rehabilitation are greater in this case than they would be, compared to taking advantage of the small programs available while in jail. This scenario plays on with the second possible trend that if offenders are still sent to the correctional facilities, not only will the continuation of over crowdedness still be in place but also eventually something will have to take place to correct it. The something will have to include releasing certain inmates earlier than intended by the courts, thus risking the safety of not only others in society but also the released inmates, and increasing the possibility of recidivism.ConclusionThis paper covers many trends in the public and institutional criminal justice system. These trends, starting from the past, push the resear ch into the present and future with the writ of execution of continuing trends and perspective ideations to aid in the progress and advancement of criminal procedures. The first section of this paper covers the history of the commercial criminal justice and follows it up through the present-day. Finally, the paper details through logic how the criminal justice system may look in the future based on the current trends already set in motion.ReferencesJohn Howard Society of Alberta. (1998). Community Corrections. Retrieved from http//www.johnhoward.ab.ca/pub/C29.htmJohnson, R., Dobrzanska, A., and Palla, S. (2005). The American prison in historical perspective. Retrieved from http//www.jblearning.com/samples/0763729043/Chapter_02.pdfMartin, M., Katsampes, P. (2007). Sheriffs guide to effective jail operations. Retrieved from http//static.nicic.gov/Library/021925.pdfThe Sentencing Project. (n.d.). U.S. prison population Trends and implications. Retrieved from http//www.prisonpolicy.o rg/scans/sp/1044.pdf

The sound and the fury by William Faulkner Essay Example for Free

The sound and the fury by William Faulkner EssayThe sound and the fury by William Faulkner accounting entry The Sound and the Fury is an intransigently nonorious and difficult novel that has received much acclaim and criticism in equal measure globally. Indeed, this is understandable of a book that literally transients the callous southern American usance of slavery and racial profiling. Besides, the books depiction of a family that descents from acclaim to desolation and finally live in shadows of its agone is one that most people would not love to read. Most importantly, the book traces the deterioration of an intelligent southern adolescent who, living by the traditions of the south, carries along racial conventions to his final plunge in water where he commits self-destruction. This paper trails Quentin along with his racism to Harvard, his new insights into racism and his familys contribution towards his racist believes. Indeed, Quentin Compson is the eldest of the Compson awayspring. As thus, he feels inordinately obliged to carry on the familys responsibilities and suffice its traditions of prestige and greatness. Quentin is first encountered in Chapter 2 where is currently pursuing studies at the Harvard, Massachusetts. It is with his prose that the reader develops an attitude towards him and the Compsons. Quentin is crucial because he presents the Compsons traditions and through him, the reader understands the racial profiling in the entropy. Interestingly, Quentin carried along the southern traditions with him to the university in the north. He, therefore, encountered feelings of abashed demean, hateful or blase. However, the university in the north is potential crucial because, through his encounters with other southern, he learns insightful details virtually the race. Spoade represents one of the southerners at the university who taught Quentin on race. He was a senior student at the university and saw dress for never running fo r chapel. Besides, he is proud because he never wore a shirt till noon. Therefore, he did not fall into the traditions of the Northern University. In so doing, Spoade adhered to the mythological grace and slowness characteristic of the grey life. Interestingly, Spoade had five names that also bore the current English ducal house indicating that he was a detached and self assured person. Spoade boasts in being a gentle gay causing jitters of shame into Quentin because the latter lacked sexual experiences. Perhaps, this is meant to infer that Quentin was possibly a gay. Indeed, Spoade, called Shreve my husband. Shreve was Quentins roommate at Harvard University. Other than Spoade, racial sense was taught into Quentin at the North by the Blands. This was an ostensibly wealthy family from Kentucky, in the south. Considering that this family shunned joining the confederacy, it distanced them from the Lost exploit idea. An assessment of this familys lifestyle reveals that they argon e xtremely arrogant and ungracious, perhaps worse than Spoade. Firstly, the she in the family is a dotty seeking her son. Mrs. Bland took an apartment at Harvard on rent to be close to her son. Her motives are questionable as she goes to great lengths to fancy her son. For instance, she sources his clothes from New York. In addition, Mrs. Bland takes pride in the Geralds niggers and Geralds horses and Geralds women. According to her, Gerald reflected the splendid specimen that was a replica of the Old South Plantation boss. She is extremely snobbish and overly hateful and valueless to these ignorant low class Yankees. She shows rough value only to the gray Whites. It is through Mrs. Bland that Quentin learns of the disdain characters in Gerald, some other white. Gerald features as a dashing handsome young brute who also turns out to be a virile womanizer. Gerald uses his skeletal frame to lure white women into his lair. It emerges that he is a viciously rudimental schemer who ha s no respect for women. Quentin initiated a clenched fist fight with him absentmindedly, and he ended up thrashing Quentin. This portrays Gerald in a bad light as an ungentle and respectful man as is Quentin. This is because he materialistically exploited his women rather than keep them full and protected. Mrs. Bland inspires Quentin to think on issues of race. Her extreme obtrusiveness and condescending attitude disqualify her as a Southern lady. Quentin also questions the source of the bulk of wealth that the Blands have. Spoades mild hatred for the family coupled with their showiness reflects an fresh family in the guise of the Old South. Quentin is stressed that Spoades image of the aristocratic family effectively concealed his worldly and aggression Yankee antitype. Moreover, Quentin observes the imminent difference between Spoade and his ancestors who were parvenus. Quentin takes racial insights on the insensitiveness of the Blands and Spoade. Each of them appears shal low, ruthless and unsympathetic towards each other. For instance, the white Blands are detached from a fellow white, Quentin, and only the Yankee, Shreve shows sympathy, friendship and preserve towards him. Interestingly, Quentin is from the South just like the Blands and only Shreve the Yankee from Canada showed interest. However, it is observable that Quentin secretly envies the Bland and Spoade for their masculinity and nonchalance. Quentin is attach to their opinions and envies their free sense of self. Therefore, he feels awkward and ashamed in their presence. Quentins encounters with the moodys at the Northern University was seldom but impactful. For instance, he encountered the Deacon who was acquainted with the Souths social customs. According to Quentin, the, Deacon could easy identify a Southerner at a glance. Quentin expresses the dexterous skill that the Deacon had by proceed that, once he heard one speak, the Deacon could identify your state. This reveals that t he Deacon probably resided in the South. Quentin is emphatic de old nigger sufficed their expectations by casting the slave role accurately and just perfect. Quentin believes that the Deacon managed to turn in the inexperienced freshmen, but he had realized of his duplicity although he could not resist condescending him, although curiously. Quentins admiration for the black old nigger is evident because he searched him out and donated an old suit although he claimed to dislike him. In the street car, Quentin sat next to a black man who wore a derby hat and shinning shoes. He held a dead cigar stub replica to a normal, autonomous citizen. His passive deportment of Quentin, the white, seated next to him brings Quentin to appreciating the equality between the whites and the black. It is until he is about to alight that he acknowledges Quentin by politely signaling request to pass. The incident retracts Quentin to an earlier episode in which he called a black man on a mule, in Virg inia uncle. Quentin gladly offered a gift to him, and he humbly accepted. The two incidences with the black are a learning experience for Quentin on race issues. It irks him that he questions the stereotyping of the blacks whereby he realizes that the Northerners expectations influenced him. Therefore, his acquired insights were not natural but rather learned. Quentins family played a major role in his take a shit up to committing suicide. Quentin spent his early years in prestige and wealth. His family owned huge and expansive property, the plantation. He grew up observing the southern doctrines and traditions, and he became indoctrinated into them. He held the doctrines close to his heart, idealizing nebulous and abstract concepts of virtue, honor and effeminate purity. The south traditions enunciated strict code of conducts and Quentin grew into these same codes. Therefore, he was stereotypic of the southern perception of the blacks. As a Compson, Quentin thrived in the liv es of commoners who owned lands and maintained plantations as well as several black servants. The commoners were aptly stiff and elite. For instance, Mr. Compson held a law degree and had an office in town. However, the Compson family degrades, deteriorates and their wealth reduces as Quentin grows into adolescence. His father had to sell off part of their plantation in order to raise money for the young Quentin to school at Harvard. Quentin is cloaked by his sister Caddy. He is affectionate towards her and is willing to cover up for her mistakes. Quentin is thrown into disarray when he realizes the promiscuity that her sister has been exercising. He is disparaged when she turns out to be pregnant. He is infuriated and disappointed by her acts because it tarnished the familys name. His absorption with sanctifying the family in line with the southern traditions leads him to claiming incest. He tells his father that he and Caddy committed incest, therefore, resulting to the offspr ing. On realizing her sisters promiscuity, Quentin turns to his father, Mr. Compson for guidance. However, this is a tragic because the man who instilled the virtues of the south disregards the very pedestals that he raised him. Quentin, therefore, feels betrayed and cheated by both his father and his sister for failing to uphold the codes of the south. This torments him coupled with the deteriorated family statue. On his return to campus, he is a thoughtful, troubled and mentally ill person. He starts having disdained thoughts such as committing suicide. He thinks of eloping with his sister to indulge her into his suicide plan. His hatred and obsession with Caddys promiscuity made him draw a knife and lung for her throat ,sometimes when they quarreled. Worse stills, he was obsessed with Candy and the thought of Caddy sharing sexual intimacy with another man gnawed him overtly. He had occasionally threatened to kill her. His lover for her is disastrous as he draws a man into a con quest and he is willing to fight for her. Therefore, her forsaking of the south traditions by her promiscuity and out of wedlock pregnancy were unacceptable to Quentin drawing him into despondency and, finally committing suicide.ReferencesFaulkner, William. The sound and the fury. Modern subroutine library ed. New York Modern Library, 1992. Print.Source document

World War 2 Essay Example for Free

institution warfare 2 EssayThere are some(prenominal) crucial events in history. Through 1914-1918 thither were great conflicts that made World contend I. There have been many divergent causes of WWI, and tremendous effects, as a result of the first modern war. There were many different causes of this war. The first cause was militarism. Militarism is when a country wants to have a better military better than the differents. Germany was ane of those countries. They tried building up their military. It then became a completion with the other countries which were Russia and France. The second cause was Imperialism. Imperialism is when all told countries competed for colonies.Some imperialist countries were Germany, Britain, Russia and France. Britain feared Germany would take away its colonies in Africa. The third cause of World state of war I was the formation of hampers. Alliances are political friendships between countries. Two alliances were the Triple Entente and th e Central Powers. Alliances authorise when theres an agreement between countries to have peace, if unity is attacked, the other has to help. The Alliances were the triple Entente who were France, Russia and Britain. The other allies were Germany, Austrian/Hungary and Ottoman Empire who made up the Central Powers.One of the major causes of World War I was that when one country was attacked, its friends (allies) would jump into the war effort and this resulted in total war. In conclusion, militarism, imperialism and alliances all resulted in starting World War I. The new engineering developed at this while in the war field, made this a modern war. Many new technologies were utilise. Trench warfare was one them. Trench warfare was a type of fighting developed on the ground where soldiers built trenches into the mother fucker for protection unfortunately, dirty conditions resulted in diseases and infections toward soldiers who died from this exposure.Another example of modern techn ology used during World War I was the machine gun. Machine guns were weapons developed to fire bullets rapidly, in a continuous motion. Machine guns were insanely because they could execute deadly bullets quickly and had more accurate aim. Yet another example of modern technology was the development of submarines. Submarines are water vehicles that were used in the sea. The Germans used it to attack the U. S ships when the U. S was move over supplies to Britain. By doing this that led the U. S to join the war in 1917. Lastly, another technology used in World War 1 is aircraft.Aircrafts are two seat propeller planes with built in machine guns. They were used to shoot from the sky. Trench Warfare, machine guns, submarines and aircrafts are what made World War 1 a modern war. As well there were many causes of World War 1 there were in like manner many different major effects. Thus, World War 1 had many causes theyre also were many effects as a result of the modern technology that we re used. Modern technology and alliance led to one of the greatest conflicts in history. As a result of effects of World War 1 would eventually be one of the causes or World War 2.

Database Design and Implementation Coursework Essay Example for Free

Database Design and Implementation Coursework EssayThe aim of this database design and implementation scatwork is to design and part a Quorum Party Database system that will be interacted with the system online by the party goers who are intense to go and attend parties. It means that party goers/end users will become as a element by registering the site of our on-line party service company. We also create a prototype for weathervane front-end form that will allow end users to check and register in Quorum Party database by including nearly sample require data. After the given scenarios have been read, firstly, we need to make some assumptions that can be determined to be correct or faulty and can be clarified unclear line rules or procedures before building a database system. According to the coursework, the conceptual data model diagram has to be drawn using the Chen notation and the logical relational schema is needed to produce which defines the relationships mingled with different tables. Both conceptual data model and logical relational schema have to be checked with 3NF, third normalization form.The considered tables should be created and inserted in DBMS Microsoft Access with some extra required information. Queries, reports and forms have to be produced with the sample data by writing SQL coding for given A1 to A6 from the Sample Applications of course work scenario. Finally, the snapshots of the resulting output produced should be shown once queries, reports and forms successfully run using the appropriate tools in the elect DBMS Microsoft Access.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay Example for Free

Dissociative indistinguishability Disorder EssayThe syndrome comm plainly cognize as Multiple Personality Disorder but now called Dissociative Identity Disorder (American psychiatric Association, 198) might be thought of as a recent phenomenon. The diagnostic literature shows the definition of triplex reputation as evolving significantly all over the editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In the DSM-1, these ports were called dissociative reaction, (American Psychiatric Association, 1952), which came to be called hysterical neurosis, dissociative type in the DSM-II (American Psychiatric Association, 204).In each of these, dual ainity was not seen as a discrete disorder but was grouped with somnambulism, amnesia, and fugue states. and in the DSM-III does Multiple Personality Disorder erupt as a separate diagnostic category, with a definition of this air. This disorders be features were argued to be the existence deep down the individual of two or much distinct mortalalities, each of which is dominant at a particular time (American Psychiatric Association, 257).The DSM-IIIR of 1987 gave n azoic identical defining features as the existence within the individual of two or more than distinct mortalalities or constitution states (American Psychiatric Association, 269). The defining features evolved further in the DSM-IV where this behavior pattern came to be termed Dissociative Identity Disorder. Its features became the presence of two or more distinct identities or character states that recurrently take go through of behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 484).This subtle change is significant distinct individual(prenominal)ities were no durable seen as existing within the person or as a part of the person, but the behaviors displayed different states or identities. This definition is slight organismic and more behavioral-environmental in theory than earlier versions. With the readers extrapolation, t he personality is variable behavior or as topographical subdivisions of behavior, occasi unmatchabled by discriminative stimuli and controlled by reinforcement contingencies. Here, the personality is showing more variability than that of the full or normal individual the individual lacking iodin coherent personality displays a personal repertoire of behaviors which is in truth diverse, with large variability in the relationship between antecedents and responses. The antecedents, that is, state, places, events, and so forth, of the individual in question occasion more responses of an idiosyncratic nature which atomic number 18 maintained by reinforcement contingencies peculiar to that individual.Along t his approach, one writer took the new definition to mean that the individual displaying these behaviors could no longer be described as having more than one personality. Instead, the person should be viewed as having less than one whole, coherent personality (Sapulsky, 95). Sim ilarly, Kohlenberg and Tsai (82) observed that these individuals whitethorn prevail not developed all the characteristics of a stable, atomic rate 53 personality. History Multiple personality was first recognized and described by the French physician capital of South Dakota Janet the late 19th century. In the year 1982 psychiatrists were talking about the quadruple personality epidemic.Yet those were azoic days as multiple personality became an official diagnosis of the American Psychiatric Association only in 1980. Ten years earlier, in 1972, multiple personality had seemed to be a mere curiosity. little than a dozen encases have been communicateed in the last fifty years. You could list any multiple personality recorded in the history of Western medicine, even if experts disagreed on how many of these cases were genuine as the word for the disorder was r are. Ten years later, in 1992, there were hundreds of multiples in treatment in all(prenominal) sizable town in Nor th America.Even by 1986 it was thought that six thousand perseverings had been diagnosed. afterward(prenominal) that, one stopped counting and spoke about an exponential growing in the rate of diagnosis since 1980. Clinics, wards, units, and entire private hospitals dedicated to the illness were being established all over the continent. Maybe one person in twenty suffered from a dissociative disorder. Clinicians were still describe occasional cases as they appeared in treatment. Soon the number of patients would become so overwhelming that only statistics could give an impression of the flying field (Modestin, 88-92).Public awareness of the disorder increased in contemporary times after a case was the subject of The Three Faces of Eve (1957). In the 1980s and early 90s, such factors as recognition of kid abuse, public interest in memories recovered from childhood (whether of actual or imagined events), allegations of so-called satanic ritual abuse, and the willingness of man y psycho healers to assume a more directive role in their patients treatment, led to what came to be regarded as a rash of overdiagnoses of multiple personality.Causes The cause of multiple personality is not clearly understood, but the determine seems al intimately invariably to be associated with severe sensible abuse and neglect in childhood. It is believed that amnesia the linchpin to formation of the separate personalities occurs as a psychological barrier to seal off unbearably teasing experiences from consciousness. The disorder often occurs in childhood but may not be recognized until practically later. Social and psychological impairment ranges from mild to severe.The fairly-necessary-condition evolved together with the characterization of multiple personality disorder (MPD). accord to Cornelia Wilbur and Richard Kluft, MPD is most parsimoniously understood as a posttraumatic dissociative disorder of childhood flak. Here the childhood onset and the presence of trau ma are not parts of an empirical generalization or a statistically checkable fairly-necessary-condition. They are part of the psychiatrists understanding of multiple personality disorder, part of what they mean by MPD. thither is cryptograph methodologically or scientifically wrong with this.I warn only against having it both styluss. There is a tendency (a) to define the concept MPD (or dissociative identity disorder) in terms of early childhood trauma, and (b) to state, as if it were a discovery that multiple personality is caused (in the sense of fairly-necessary-condition) by childhood trauma (Horton and Miller, 151-159). Moreover, child inner abuse became part of the prototype of multiple personality. That is, if you were giving a best example of a multiple, you would complicate child abuse as one feature of the example.The familiarity between abuse and multiplicity became stronger and stronger during the 1970s, just when the meaning of child abuse moved from the prototyp e of battered babies through the full range of physical abuse and gradually centered on sexual abuse. As a point of logic it is useful to see how concepts are used to lift themselves up by their own bootstraps. Those sounds highly figurative, but lease this. In a 1986 essay Wilbur wrote, In discussing the psychoanalysis of MPD, Mershkey (330) pointed out that childhood trauma is central and causal. In fact he ended his prize winning essay by posing nearly questions.He said that in recent previous reports of multiplicity childhood trauma is central and causal (327-340). The connection between multiple personality and real, not fantasized, child abuse was cemented in clinical journals throughout the 1990s. By 1992 there were vivid musterings of data about the relationship between incest and multiple personality. Philip Coons (299) had stated in his guileless 1994 essay on differential diagnosis of multiple personality, he wrote that the onset of multiple personality is early in c hildhood, and is often associated with physical and sexual abuse. At that time no child multiples were known.But the consort was on. The first in what is now a long series of books of contributed papers about multiple personality had a fitting title Childhood Antecedents of Multiple Personality (311-315). Prevalence The number of different personalities per MPD patient has shown a substantial increase since the 19th century. During the 19th century, most cases involved only two personalities. Since 1944, however, almost all cases have involved three or more personalities.Modern cases average from 6 to 16 personalities per patient (Coons 305). For instance Modestin (89) reported that 44% of 74 MPD patients each had more than 10 personalities and 8 of these patients had more than 20 personalities each. North, Ryall, Ricci, and Wetzel (2003) plotted the mean number of MPD per patient as a function of year, between 1989 and 2000. In 1989, the average MPD patients manifested just fewer than 10 personalities by 1999, MPD patients displayed an average of just under 25 personalities per patient.At the present time, MPD appears to be culture-bound syndrome. The explosion of cases since 1970 has thus far remained largely restricted to North America. The diagnosis is very rarely made in modern Europe, despite its turn-of-the-century prominence as a center for the watch of MPD. It is withal very rare in Great Britain (Modestin,90). Modestin (92) surveyed all of the psychiatrists in Europe concerning the frequency with which they had seen patients with MPD. Depending on how it was calculated, the prevalence rate ranged between . 5% and 1. 0%.More interesting, Modestin noted that 90% of the respondents had never seen a case of MPD, whereas three psychiatrists had seen each seen more than 20 MPD patients. Hence, the frequency of multiple personality has been debated over time. There were some descriptions of these behaviors early in this century, but from the 1920s to th e early 1970s, there was a surprising paucity of cases (Spanos, 145). Kohlenberg (138) termed it relatively rare while other reports saw it as very numerous in number more cases were reported from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s than in the previous two-hundred years.The tremendous increase in reported cases has occurred almost solely in North America (Spanos, 147). This behavior pattern is rarely reported in Great Britain, France, and Russia no case has ever been reported in Japan (Spanos, 160). In both North America and Switzerland, most diagnoses are made by a small minority of professionals while the vast majority of professionals rarely if ever see such a case (Modestin, 90-91). The dramatic increase in the reported number of cases has been attributed to differing factors.Possibly, cases which were undiagnosed in previous decades are now being diagnosed because of greater awareness of this condition it has too been proposed that the condition is now being overdiagnosed in ind ividuals whose behaviors are readily suggestible (American Psychiatric Association, 94). It is probably strong to conclude that the prevalence of Dissociative Identity Disorder is in dispute at this time some may also dispute the validity of this diagnosis as the DSM-IV, unlike earlier versions of the DSM, does not support any diagnostic reliability information (American Psychiatric Association, 99). DiagnosisOn balance, with the behaviors labeled Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID hereafter, the variability between behavioral repertoires is very high, possibly so native that the repertoires do not compose one stable personality (Sapulsky, 64). The person himself or herself may even report being a different person, complete with a different name or identity. Although the behavioral variability is more extreme here, it is still on a continuum with the average person we all can give away several personalities and there are circumstances under which any person might claim to be a different person (Sackeim Devanand, 21).Among the behaviors correlated with a diagnosis of DID, self-report is less controlled by public, environmental events and more controlled by events which are private to the person providing the self-report (Kohlenberg Tsai, 139). The most apparent question is What type of experiences could account for this extreme behavioral variability, in the self-report of being a different person, with differences in sex, age, race, physical appearance, and so forth.Some writers report that this disorder may only become apparent to a professional or others when different people regard meetings, interviews, or therapy that is, the same individual attends but with a different self-report of identity, memories, and personality (Sackeim Devanand, 25). In so doing, individuals displaying these behaviors can receive a great deal of reinforcing attention from professionals for engaging in these behaviors. Individuals displaying behaviors correlated with a diagnosis of DID may be reassured of no further abuse and may be further to try to be themselves in as many ways as they can.The different self-reports and personalities become a source of gratification (self-reinforcement) for the formerly abused victims and the professional alike (Spanos, 153). The danger here is that a person with degrees of behavioral variability could be shaped iatrogenically to reporting to be a divergent person by professionals zealously looking for this disorder (Merskey, 329) To quote one skeptic, the procedures used to diagnose MPD often create earlier than discover multiplicity (Spanos, 153).Pain complaints, paralysis, blindness, and so forth, also consist of a self-report of a private event. distributively of these may be accompanied by publicly observable events such as wincing, reluctantly moving, reporting or appearing to be unable to move or see ( Skinner) Both the self-reports and the public say for these differences are under stimulus control of the different personality repertoires in cases of these behaviors. When such an individual displays a specific personality, the self-report of pain or other symptom comes or goes with the other behaviors.Originally, the public signs of pain were true(p) afflictions in the past as the result of abuse months or years later, such indications could be self-produced, legitimate behavior as part of the personality repertoire. These pains and related behaviors could be reinforced and shaped into a real affliction by well-meaning others as the verbal behavior acquired differential stimulus control of operant pain behavior. The rep orts of pain and related behaviors can persist as operant behavior maintained by its consequences in the absence of the original painful stimuli (Bonica and Chapman, 732).As for the reports in the literature of hypersensitised and other responses being present in some personalities and not others, these too can potentially be accounted for via verbal behavio r mechanisms. There are reports that individuals can develop rashes, a wound or a burn or other physiological symptoms in response to anothers verbal suggestions, that is, under hypnosis, although it has been argued that many of these symptoms are likely self-inflicted when observers are not present (Johnson, 298).Actual reports of hypnotically induced dermatological changes are difficult to bear such effects are difficult to produce and are not as common an circumstance as often reported (Johnson, 302). These reports are not all due to the acts of the person showing the symptoms instead, these symptoms may be due to an interaction of verbal behavior and conditioning mechanisms. Verbal behavior can also facilitate the development of stimulus control via respondent or operant conditioning (Skinner).If an experimenter were to flash a light in your eyes and then shock you, the experimenter would expect you to come to recoil to the light after some number of such pairings. If the expe rimenter were to tell you that he or she was going to shock you after every light flash, then it would be pass judgment for you to recoil to the light sooner. Relating this to the differential presence of symptoms is not a big leap. Here, the individuals who display the divergent personalities have self-instructed and subsequently conditioned themselves to display symptoms when performing different behavioral repertories.Over time, the symptoms may come under the stimulus control of the emotions displayed, in addition to the persons verbal behavior, and appear spontaneous to the person himself or herself. To support the argument for conditioning mechanisms producing somatic symptoms, Smith and McDaniel (69) showed that a hypersensitized cellular response to tuberculin was modulated by respondent conditioning. Individuals can also exert control over a variety of autonomic functions as diverse as dysmenorrhea to seizure activity, via biofeedback . TreatmentFrom the foregoing assumpt ions, therapy for persons displaying the behaviors in question must consist of extinguishing a reasonable share of the behavioral variability in the repertoire and reinforcing behavioral stability and generalization literally, to shape one personality. Kohlenberg (138) reported being able to increase the frequency of specific behaviors composing one personality of an individual who exhibited DID-like behaviors by differential reinforcement of that personality. When fixed on extinction, these behaviors returned to baseline frequencies.Other techniques might involve the client role-playing and rehearsing several social interactions and experiencing some situations expected to produce normal emotional behaviors. Kohlenberg (139) reported success at reintegrating the personalities in a dual personality individual by teaching assertiveness skills via role playing. Caddy (268) also used assertiveness cookery and shaping in reintegration. The therapist might videotape client s as they be have, to use for feedback and in shaping and instructing more cohesive behavior.There might also have to be a way of teaching the client to engage in more social-referencing, or seeking public feedback in more instances of what is acceptable behavior. Whereas you or I might ask, Did you see (or hear) something? when we are unsure of seeing or hearing, individuals whose behaviors are consistent with the label of DID may have to learn to ask, Am I still behaving as me? The therapist could not answer this question alone but family members and significant others could.This process would have to continue until the person reports being the same individual with the same experiences, and has less observable variability in his or her personal repertoire. Even if a therapist were to try to undertake such an intervention, and most would probably not, this process could be long and arduous, due to the multiple sources of control that would require adjustment, and the possibly well-meaning sab otage by those who attend to and reinforce the variability.Indeed, based on this account, control of the behaviors in this pattern would be difficult for anyone to establish. Even the therapist who encourages variance is not exerting control unless unpredictable behavior is the target behavior. As a result, these individuals may have been and will likely be in therapy for years (American Psychiatric Association).